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This is a list of selected documents used in the International Norms and Standards relating to Disability, available at http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/comp00.htm
I. INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
Instruments specifically related to disability
Core international human rights instruments
Instruments on specific issues
II. REGIONAL INSTRUMENTS
Regional instruments specifically related to disability
Regional human rights instruments
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 61/106 on 13 December 2006.
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/conventioninfo.htm
Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons
Proclaimed by General Assembly Resolution 2856 (XXVI) of 20 December 1971.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/m_mental.htm
Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
Proclaimed by General Assembly Resolution 3447 (XXX) of 9 December 1975.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/72.htm
World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 37/52 on 3 December 1982.
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/diswpa00.htm
Tallinn Guidelines for Action on Human Resources Development in the Field of Disability
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 44/70 of 15 March 1990.
http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/44/a44r070.htm
Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Mental Health Care
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 46/119 of 17 December 1991.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/68.htm
The Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 48/96 of 20 December 1993.
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/dissre00.htm
Convention concerning Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons)
ILO Recommendation No. 159
Adopted on 1 June 1983 by the General Conference of the International Labour
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/skills/recomm/instr/c_159.htm
Recommendation concerning Vocational Rehabilitation of the Disabled
ILO Recommendation No. 99
Adopted on 22 June 1955 by the General Conference of the International Labour Organisation
http://www.logos-net.net/ilo/150_base/en/instr/r_99.htm
Recommendation concerning Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons)
ILO Recommendation No. 168
Adopted on 21 June 1988 by the General Conference of the International Labour Organisation
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atrium/4317/confenadip/R168eng.htm
Sundberg Declaration
Adopted by the UNESCO World Conference on Actions and Strategies for Education, Prevention and Integration, Malaga (Spain), 2 - 7 November 1981.
http://www.unesco.org/education/nfsunesco/pdf/SUNDBE_E.PDF
The Salamanca Statement
Adopted by the UNESCO World Conference on Special Needs Education: Access and Quality, Salamanca (Spain), 7 - 10 June 1994.
http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/SALAMA_E.PDF
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
World Health Organisation 54th WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A54/18 Provisional agenda item 13.9 9 April 2001
http://www.who.int/gb/EB_WHA/PDF/WHA54/ea5418.pdf
Charter of the United Nations
Signed in San Francisco on 26 June 1945.
http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948.
http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX) of 21 December 1965.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/d_icerd.htm
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution (XXI) of 16 December 1966.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_opt.htm
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights, Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 44/128 of 15 December 1989.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_opt2.htm
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 34/180 of 18 December 1979.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/e1cedaw.htm
Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 39/46of 10 December 1984.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution A/RES/54/263 of 25 May 2000.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/protocolchild.htm
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on
the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution A/RES/54/263 of 25 May 2000.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/dopchild.htm
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 45/158 of 18 December 1990.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/m_mwctoc.htm
Proclamation of Teheran
Proclaimed by the International Conference on Human Rights at Teheran on 13 May 1968
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/b_tehern.htm
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
Adopted at the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993.
http://habitat.igc.org/undocs/vienna.html
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Adopted 23 May 1969, entry into force: 27 January 1980.
http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/treaties.htm
Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 34/169 of 17 December 1979.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp42.htm
Principles of Medical Ethics Relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, Particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees
againstTorture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 37/194 of 18 December 1982.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp40.htm
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules)
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 40/33 of 29 November 1985.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp48.htm
Body of Principles for the Protection of all Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp36.htm
Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers
Adopted by the 8th United Nations Congress of the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders of 27 August to 7 September 1990, Havana (Cuba),
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp44.htm
Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners
Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly Resolution 45/111 of 14 December 1990.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp35.htm
United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Their Liberty
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 45/113 of 14 December 1990.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp37.htm
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
Adopted in 28 July 1951 by the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons convened under General
Assembly Resolution 429 (V) of 14 December 1950.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/o_c_ref.htm
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 48/104 of 20 December 1993.
http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.RES.48.104.En?Opendocument
Beijing Declaration
Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing 4-15 September 1995, United Nations, New York 1995.
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/declar.htm
Declaration on Social Progress and Development
Proclaimed by General Assembly Resolution 2542 (XXIV) of 11 December 1969.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/m_progre.htm
Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition
Adopted by the World Food Conference, Rome, 5-16 November 1974
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/69.htm
The Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements
Adopted at the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat I), Vancouver (Canada), 31 May - 11 June 1976.
http://www.unhabitat.org/declarations/vancouver.asp
Declaration on the Right to Development
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/74.htm
Global Strategy for Shelter to the Year 2000
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 43/181 of 20 December 1988.
http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/48/a48r178.htm
World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children
World Summit for Children, New York, 29-30 September 1990
http://www.unicef.org/wsc/declare.htm
World Declaration on Nutrition
Adopted by the International Conference on Nutrition, Rome (Italy), December 1992.
http://www.fao.org/es/ESN/nutrition/ICN/icndec.htm
Cairo Programme of Action
International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, Egypt, 5-13 September 1994
http://www.dirittiumani.donne.aidos.it/bibl_2_testi/d_impegni_pol_internaz/a_conf_mondiali_onu/c_conf_cairo_e+5/a_cairo_poa_engl_x_pdf/cairo_dich+pda_engl.pdf
The Copenhagen Declaration on and Programme of Action
Report of the World Summit for Social Development, held in Copenhagen 6-12 March 1995, United Nations, New York 1995.
http://www.visionoffice.com/socdev/wssdco-0.htm
Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements and Habitat Agenda
Adopted at the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), Istanbul (Turkey), 3-14 June 1996.
http://www.unhabitat.org/unchs/english/hagenda/ist-dec.htm
Convention Concerning the Simplification of the Inspection of Emigrants on Board Ship
ILO Convention C021
Adopted by the General Conference of 5 June 1926.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C021
Convention Concerning Migration for Employment (Revised 1949)
ILO Convention C097
Adopted by the General Conference, 1 July 1949.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C097
Convention Concerning Minimum Standards of Social Security
ILO Convention C102
Adopted by the General Conference on 28 June 1952.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C102
Convention Concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation
ILO Convention C111
Adopted by the General Conference, 25 June 1958.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C111
Convention Concerning Benefits in Case of Employment Injury
ILO Convention C121
Adopted by the General Conference of 8 July 1964.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C121
Convention Concerning Invalidity, Old-Age and Survivors' Benefits
ILO Convention C128
Adopted by the General Conference, 29 June 1967.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C128
Convention Concerning Medical Care and Sickness Benefits
ILO Convention C130
Adopted by the General Conference, 25 June 1969.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C130
Minimum Age Convention
ILO Convention C138
Adopted by the General Conference, 26 June 1973
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C138
Convention Concerning Vocational Guidance and Vocational Training in the Development of Human Resources
ILO Convention C142
Adopted by the General Conference of 23 June 1975.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C142
Convention Concerning Migrations in Abusive Conditions and the Promotion of Equality of Opportunity and Treatment of Migrant Workers
ILO Convention C143
Adopted by the General Conference of 24 June 1975.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C143
Convention Concerning Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment
ILO Convention C168
Adopted by the General Conference of 21 June 1988.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C168
Convention On the Worst Forms of Child Labour
ILO Convention C182
Adopted by the General Conference, 17 June 1999
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C182
Recommendation Concerning the Recruitment, Placing and Conditions of Labour of Migrants for Employment
ILO Recommendation R062
Adopted by the General Conference, 28 June 1939.
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?R062
Recommendation Concerning Workers' Housings
ILO Recommendation R115
Adopted by the General Conference, 7 June 1961.
http://www.unhchr.ch/housing/i2echou.htm#ilo
Recommendation concerning Vocational Guidance and Vocational Training in the Development of Human Resources
ILO Recommendation R150
Adopted by the General Conference of 23 June 1975.
http://www.logos-net.net/ilo/150_base/en/instr/r_150.htm
Recommendation concerning Migrant Workers
ILO Recommendation R151
Adopted by the General Conference of 24 June 1975.
http://www.logos-net.net/ilo/150_base/en/instr/r_151.htm
Convention against Discrimination in Education
Adopted by the UNESCO General Conference of 14 December 1960
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/d_c_educ.htm
World Declaration on Education for All: Meeting Basic Learning Needs
Adopted by the UNESCO World Conference on Education for All of 9 March 1990.
http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/ed_for_all/background/jomtien_declaration.shtml
Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights
Adopted by the UNESCO General Conference of 11 November 1997.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001096/109687eb.pdf
The Dakar Framework for Action, "Education for All: Meeting our Global Commitments"
World education Forum, Dakar, Senegal, 26-28.4.2000
http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/ed_for_all/framework.shtml
Declaration of Alma-Ata
Adopted by the International Conference on Primary Health Care on 12 September 1978.
http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration_almaata.pdf
Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field
Adopted on 12 August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, held in Geneva
from 21 April to 12 August 1949, entry into force 21 October 1950.
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/y1gcacws.htm
Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea
Adopted on 12 August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, held in Geneva
from 21 April to 12 August 1949.
http://www.unog.ch/disarm/distreat/geneva2.pdf
Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
Adopted on 12 August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims in War, held in Geneva
from 21 April to 12 August 1949.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/91.htm
Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
Adopted on 12 August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims in War, held in Geneva
from 21 April to 12 August 1949.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/92.htm
Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict
Adopted by G/A resolution 3318 (XXIX), 14 December 1974
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/24.htm
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts
(Protocol 1)
Adopted on 8 June 1977 by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts.
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/93.htm
Protocol II Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts
Opened for Signature on 12 December 1977
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/94.htm
Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and their Destruction
Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 52/38 of 8 January 1998.
http://www.mi.government.bg/integration/euroatl/Ottawa-Convention.pdf
Recommendation on the Situation of the Mentally Ill
Recommendation No. 818, 1977
http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/ta77/BREC818.pdf
Recommendation on Rehabilitation Policies for the Disabled
Recommendation No. 1185, 1992
Recommendation on a Coherent Policy for the Rehabilitation of People with Disabilities
Recommendation No. 92, 1992
Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 9 April 1992 at the 474th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.
http://cm.coe.int/ta/rec/1992/92r6.htm
Recommendation Towards Full Social Inclusion of People With Disabilities
Recommendation 1592 (2003)
http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/ta03/EREC1592.htm
Towards Concerted Efforts for Treating and Curing Spinal Cord Injury
Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1560 (2002)
http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/ta02/EREC1560.htm
Towards Full Citizenship of Persons With Disabilities Through Inclusive New Technologies
Resolution AP(2001)3
Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 24 October 2001 at the 770th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.
http://cm.coe.int/stat/E/Public/2001/adopted_texts/resAP/2001xp3.htm
Resolution on a Charter on the Vocational Assessment of People with Disabilities
Resolution (AP (95) 3)
Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 12 October 1995 at the 545th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.
http://cm.coe.int/ta/res/resAP/1995/95xp3.htm
Recommendation on the Employment of Disabled People in the European Community
Council Recommendation of 24 July 1986 on the Employment of Disabled People in the Community (86/379/EEC).
http://www.logos-net.net/ilo/150_base/en/instr/eu_28.htm
Resolution Concerning Integration of Children and Young People With Disabilities Into Ordinary Systems of Education
Council Resolution of 31 May 1990 (Official journal NO. C 162 , 03/07/1990 P. 0002 - 0003).
http://europa.eu.int/infonet/library/m/90c16202/en.htm
Resolution on equality of opportunity for people with disabilities
Council Resolution of 20 December 1996 (Official Journal C 012).
http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/soc-prot/disable/com406/res_en.htm/p>
Resolution on equal employment opportunities for people with disabilities
Council Resolution of 17 June 1999 (Official Journal No. C 186 ).
http://www.eumap.org/library/datab/Documents/1062663851.59/lres_en.pdf
Resolution on equal opportunities for pupils and students with disabilities in education and training
Council Resolution of 5 May 2003 (Official Journal No. C 134).
http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/news/2003/oct/134_04_en.pdf
Resolution on "eAccessibility" - improving the access of people with disabilities to the knowledge based society
Council Resolution of 6 February 2003 (Official Journal No. C 039 )
http://anubis.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc22/wg20/docs/3122-e-access.pdf
Resolution on the rights of Disabled People
European Parliament, A4-0391/1996
http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/pv2?PRG=DOCPV&APP=PV2&LANGUE=EN&SDOCTA=5&TXTLST=2&POS=1&Type
_Doc=RESOL&TPV=DEF&DATE=131296&PrgPrev=TYPEF@A4|PRG@QUERY|APP@PV2|FILE@BIBLIO96|NUMERO
@391|YEAR@96|PLAGE@1&TYPEF=A4&NUMB=1&DATEF=961213
Resolution on the human rights of disabled people
European Parliament, B4-1494, 1498, 1510, 1513, 1540, 1552/95, R4-3224/1996)
http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=51995IP1494&model=guichett
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons With Disabilities
AG/RES. 1608 (XXIX-O/99), 7 June 1999
(Resolution adopted at the first plenary session, held on June 7, 1999)
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/disabilitytreaty.html
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Adopted by the Council of Europe on 4 November 1950
http://www.echr.coe.int/Convention/webConvenENG.pdf
European Convention on the Exercise of Children's Rights
Adopted by the Council of Europe, Strasbourg, 25 January 1996.
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Word/160.doc
European Social Charter
Adopted by the Council of Europe on 18 October 1961
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/WhatYouWant.asp?NT=035
Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter
Adopted by the Council of Europe, 5 May 1988.
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/WhatYouWant.asp?NT=128
Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter providing for a System of Collective Complaints
Adopted by the Council of Europe, 9 November 1995.
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Word/158.doc
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
Adopted by the Ninth International Conference of American States, 1948.
http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/ga-Res98/Eres1591.htm
Charter of the Organisation of American States
Opened for Signature on 30 April 1948
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/oas/coas.htm
American Convention on Human Rights
Opened for Signature on 22 November 1969
http://www.hrcr.org/docs/American_Convention/oashr.html
Cartagena Declaration on Refugees
Adopted at a colloquium entitled "Coloquio Sobre la Proteccíon Internacional de los Refugiados en Américan Central, México y Panamá: Problemas Jurídicos y
Humanitarios" held at Cartagena, Colombia from 19 - 22 November 1984
http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/international/CentralAmerica.PDF
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
Adopted on 17 November 1988
http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/Treaties/a-52.html
Panama Commitment to Persons with Disabilities in the American Hemisphere
AG/doc.3381/96
Adopted by the Organization of American States General Assembly Resolution on 5 June 1996.
http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/ga-res96/Res-1369.htm
Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugees Problems in Africa
Adopted on 10 September 1969
http://www.africa-union.org/Official_documents/Treaties_ Conventions_ Protocols/Refugee_Convention.pdf
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Adopted on 26 June 1981
http://www.hrcr.org/docs/Banjul/afrhr.html
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
Adopted in July 1990.
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/afchild.htm
The Khartoum Declaration on Africa's Refugees Crisis
Adopted by the Organization of African Unity 17th Extraordinary Session of the Commission of Fifteen on Refugees, Meeting in Khartoum (Republic of Sudan),
22-24 September 1990.
http://textus.diplomacy.edu/Thina/txGetXDoc.asp?IDconv=2827
The Addis Ababa Document on Refugees and Forced Population Displacements in Africa
Adopted by the OAU/UNHCR Symposium on Refugees and Forced Population Displacements in Africa, 8-10 September 1994 in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia).
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/REFUGEE2.htm