E/CN.6/2000/PC/L.1/Rev.2

3-17 March 2000
Agenda item 2

Preparations for the special session of the
General Assembly entitled "Women 2000:
gender equality, development and peace
for the twenty-first century"

41. [JUSCANZ delete: The changing context of gender relations, as well as the discussion on gender equality and [EU: sexual and/HOLY SEE delete] reproductive rights, has led to increased reassessment of gender roles. This has further encouraged a discussion on the roles and responsibilities of women and men in working towards gender equality and the need for changing [EU delete: the stereotypical] [EU: traditional] roles and identities of women and men.] [EU: In some countries there has been a recognition of the importance of a balanced participation of women and men, both in remunerated work and in professional life, and of the involvement of men in the process of gender equality in a perspective of social change.] [JUSCANZ: The changing context of gender relations, as well as the ICPD and FWCW commitments to promote and protect gender equality and women’s rights, including sexual health and reproductive rights, has made clear that women and men must work together to realize gender equality. This has further encouraged a discussion on the importance of taking into consideration the situation, and position, of both women and men when working towards gender equality. The knowledge of how unequal gender relations in different spheres is produced and reproduced has given important input into how policy, programmes, and projects can be focused towards the root causes of gender discrimination.]

[JUSCANZ new 41 bis: There is an increased awareness that gender equality cannot be fully realized through institutional arrangements alone, and certainly one of the most valuable means of realizing empowerment of women is education.]

IV. Actions and initiatives to overcome obstacles and to achieve the full and accelerated implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action

All paragraphs preceded by an (*) have been discussed. Text in these paragraphs that appears in bold and in brackets has not been agreed. Paragraphs that have been discussed and remain pending are indicated.

*42. In view of the evaluation of progress made five years since the Beijing Conference in implementing the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action [as contained in the report of the Conference], contained in chapter II, as well as the current challenges affecting its full realization, outlined in chapter III, Governments now recommit themselves to the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and also commit to further actions and initiatives to overcome the obstacles and address the challenges. Governments, in taking continued and additional steps to achieve the goals of the Platform, recognize that the full enjoyment of all human rights [including the right to development] and fundamental freedoms by all women and girls is essential for realizing gender equality, development and peace in the twenty-first century.

*43. Organizations of the United Nations system and the Bretton Woods institutions, as well as the World Trade Organization, other international and regional intergovernmental bodies, parliaments, civil society, including the private sector and NGOs, trade unions and other stakeholders are called upon to support government efforts and, where appropriate, develop complementary programmes of their own to achieve full and effective implementation of the Platform for Action. AGREED

*43.bis Governments and intergovernmental organizations recognize the contribution, [autonomy] and complementary role of NGOs in ensuring the effective implementation of the Platform for Action and should continue to strengthen partnerships with NGOs, particularly women’s organizations in contributing to the effective implementation and follow-up of the Platform for Action.

*43.ter Experience has shown that the goal of gender equality can be fully achieved only in the context of renewed relations among different stakeholders at all levels. [The full participation of women on the basis of equality in all spheres of society is essential for good governance, political legitimacy and effective management of social and economic resources.]

*44. Achieving gender equality and empowerment of women requires redressing inequalities between women and men and girls and boys and ensuring their equal rights, responsibilities, opportunities, and possibilities. Gender equality implies that women’s as well as men’s needs, interests, concerns, experiences and priorities are an integral dimension of the design, implementation, [national and international monitoring], follow-up and evaluation of all actions in all areas of development in society.

*44.bis DISCUSSED AND PENDING (to be merged with 53 bis)

EU 44 bis Also essential in the designing of policies and implementation of further actions and initiatives is the fact that these must be addressed at all stages of the life-cycle- childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age – and must further reflect the full diversity of women, recognizing that many women face additional barriers because of such factors as their race, language, ethnicity, culture, religion, sexual orientation, disability, socio-economic class or status as indigenous people, migrants, displaced people or refugees.

*45. DISCUSSED AND PENDING

45. The endorsement of the Platform for Action by Governments and the international community indicates an agreement to a common development agenda with gender equality as an underlying principle. Moreover, it establishes that sustainable human development for all societies is possible only when women become full and equal partners in and benefit from development policy-making and practice.

G77 45: The endorsement of the Platform for Action indicates an agreement by Governments and the international community indicates an agreement to a common development agenda with gender equality as an underlying principle. Moreover, it reflects the views that people centred establishes that sustainable human development for all societies is possible only when all women have equitable access to financial and economic resources and become full and equal partners in and benefit from development policy-making and practice.

EU 45: The endorsement of the new and further initiatives to the Platform of for Action by Governments and the international community indicates an agreement to a common development agenda with for gender equality and women’s empowerment as an underlying principle. Moreover, it establishes that sustainable human development for all societies is possible only when women become full and equal partners in and equally benefit from development all policy-making and practice.

JUSCANZ 45: The endorsement of [By adopting] the Platform for Action by Governments and the international community indicates an agreement [agreed] to a common development agenda with gender equality as an underlying [a core] principle. Moreover, it establishes they agreed that sustainable human development for all societies is possible only when women [of all ages] become [are] full and equal partners in and benefit from development policy-making and practice in all spheres of society and the economy.

Holy See 45: The endorsement adoption of the Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women Platform for Action by Governments and the international community indicates an agreement to a common development agenda with gender equality as an underlying principle. Moreover, it establishes that sustainable human development for all societies is possible only when women become full and equal partners and benefit from development policy-making and practice.

*46. The efforts towards ensuring women’s participation in development have expanded and need to combine a focus on women’s conditions and basic needs with an holistic approach based on equal rights and partnerships, promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, [including the right to development of all women and girls] [recognizing that these human rights of all women and girls – civil, cultural, economic, political and social, including the right to development – are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated]. Policies and programmes should be formulated to achieve the goal of people-centred sustainable development, secure livelihoods [strong support systems for families] and adequate social protection measures, including safety nets, [strengthen family support systems] equal access to and control over financial and economic resources, and eliminate increasing and disproportionate poverty among women. All economic policies, institutions and resource allocation should adopt a gender perspective to ensure that development dividends are shared on equal grounds.

*46 bis: Increased efforts are needed to provide equal access to education, health, and social services and to ensure women’s and girls’ rights to education and the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and well-being throughout the life cycle, as well as adequate, affordable and universally accessible health care [and services], including sexual and reproductive health, particularly in the face of the HIV/AIDS pandemic; they are also necessary with regard to the growing proportion of older women.

*47. Given that a majority of the world’s women are subsistence producers and users of environmental resources, there is a need to recognize and integrate women’s knowledge and priorities in the conservation and management of such resources to ensure their sustainability. Programmes and infrastructures that are gender-sensitive are needed in order to effectively respond to disaster and emergency situations that threaten the environment, livelihood security, as well as the management of the basic requirements of daily life. AGREED

*47 bis: Sustaining the livelihoods of populations in States with limited or scarce resources, including Small Island Developing States is critically dependent on the preservation and protection of the environment. Women’s customary knowledge, management and sustainable use of biodiversity should be recognized. AGREED

*48. DISCUSSED AND PENDING

48. The maintenance of international peace and security, the securing of social justice and human rights and the promotion of better standards of living are the central goals of Governments and the international community. Global, lasting peace cannot be attained without the full participation of women in peace processes at the national and international levels, particularly in decision-making. Gender considerations must play an integral part in conflict resolution efforts and in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all actions in all areas of peace-building.

G77 48: The maintenance of international peace and security, securing social justice and human rights, promoting and protecting all human rights including the right to development, the right of women and girls under foreign occupation, better standards of life, as well as combatting violence against women and girls in situations of armed and other conflict, including the use of systematic rape as a weapon of war, must be are the central goals of Governments and the international community. Global, lasting peace should cannot be attained with without the full participation of women and the adoption of a gender approach in conflict resolution, in peace processes, peace-keeping and peace-building, including post conflict reconstruction programmes and development assistance at the local, national, regional and international levels, particularly in decision-making. Gender considerations must play an integral part in conflict resolution efforts and in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all actions in all areas of peace-building.

EU 48: The maintenance of international peace and security, securing realising social justice and human rights, promoting democracy, rule of law, good governance and better standards of life are the central goals of Governments and the international community. Global, lasting peace cannot be attained without the full participation of women in peace processes at the national and international levels, particularly in decision-making. A gender considerations perspective and women’s active role must play be an integral part in conflict resolution efforts and in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all actions in all areas of peace-building, rehabilitation and post-conflict transformation.

*48 bis: DISCUSSED AND PENDING

G77 48 bis. The implementation of the platform for Action, which aims at the empowerment and full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all women, will be enhanced by strengthening international cooperation and understanding through inter-alia the full recognition of cultural diversity and dialogue among cultures and civilization which the international community recognizes as essential for the achievement of the purposes of the United Nations.

*49. Political will and commitment at all levels are crucial to ensure mainstreaming of a

gender perspective in the adoption and implementation of comprehensive and action oriented policies in all areas. Policy commitments are essential for further developing the necessary framework which ensures women’s equal access to and control over economic and financial resources, training, services and institutions as well as their participation in decision making and management. Policy making processes require the partnership of women and men at all levels. Men and boys should also be actively involved and encouraged in all efforts to achieve the goals of the Platform for Action and its implementation. AGREED

*50. EU proposed merged text:

A non-discriminatory and gender-sensitive constitutional and/or legislative framework that ensures women’s de jure equality, and creates an enabling environment to translate rights into reality is necessary. Equality before and under the law and equal protection by or under the law, together with an adequate and timely means for redressing violations, knowledge about rights and access to resources, and a supportive gender-sensitive law enforcement system and judiciary will accelerate achievement of the goal of women’s full enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and gender equality. Furthermore, appropriate regulatory measures and legislative reform processes which address globalization, privatization and liberalization need to ensure equal access to and control over economic benefits, rights and opportunities for all women and men. This is particularly important for issues of social protection, property ownership, inheritance and access to productive resources, and basic resources such as land, water, sanitation and food security and should be supported by public education campaigns.

*51. DISCUSSED AND PENDING

51. Violence against women is a major obstacle to the achievement of gender equality, development and peace and has become a major human rights concern. Actions to eradicate violence against women at the domestic, national and international level are essential. Armed conflict and emergency situations impose serious threats to the lives of women and children. Therefore, the adoption and implementation of gender-sensitive national and international legislation eliminating violence against women in situations of armed conflict is essential. International instruments, ongoing negotiations and international discussions aimed at the limitation of armed conflict and discouraging gender-based violence, including rape, help create an enabling environment for the achievement of gender equality, development and peace.

G77 51: All forms of Violence against women and girls are an is a major obstacle to the achievement of the objectives of gender equality, development and peace and are has become a major human rights concern. Actions to eradicate all forms of violence against women at the domestic, national and international level are essential and girls, both in private and public lives, gender based, violence, such as rape, sexual abuse and exploitation, violence deriving from cultural prejudice, in particular the harmful effects of certain traditional or customary practices, violence resulting from racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia, pornography, ethnic cleansing, foreign occupation, religious and anti-religious extremism and a terrorism must be implemented at the local, national regional and international levels. Armed and other conflicts, genecide and post genocide situations, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and wars of aggression and emergency situations impose serious threats to the lives and well being of women, adolescents and children. Therefore, the adoption and implementation of international instruments and gender-sensitive national and international legislation eliminating violence against women in situations of armed conflict are essential to creating an enabling environment for the full achievement of gender-equality, development and peace. International instruments, ongoing negotiations and international discussions aimed at the limitation of armed conflict and discouraging gender-based violence, including rape, help create an enabling environment for the achievement of gender equality, development and peace.

JUSCANZ 51: Violence against women [and girls] is a major obstacle to the achievement of gender equality, development and peace and has become [is] a major human rights concern [and to the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms.] Actions to eradicate eliminate all forms of violence against women at the domestic, national and international level are essential. Armed conflict and emergency situations impose serious threats to the lives of women and children. Therefore, the adoption and implementation of gender-sensitive national and international legislation eliminating violence against women in situations of armed conflict, are essential it is essential that national and international legislation regarding the protection of human rights and the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls in situations of armed conflict are gender-sensitive. International instruments, ongoing negotiations and international discussions aimed at the limitation of armed conflict and discouraging eliminating gender-based violence, including rape, help create an enabling environment for the achievement of gender equality, development and peace.

Holy See 51: Violence against women is a major obstacle to the achievement of gender equality, development and peace and has become a major human rights concern. Actions to eradicate violence against women, including prostitution, pornography, trafficking, sexual and other forms of exploitation at the domestic, national and international level are essential. Armed conflict and emergency situations impose serious threats to the lives and security of women and children, especially refugees and internally displaced persons. Therefore, the adoption and implementation of gender-sensitive national and international legislation eliminating violence against women in situations of armed conflict are essential. International instruments, ongoing negotiations and international discussions aimed at the limitation of armed conflict and discouraging gender-based violence, including rape, help create an enabling environment for the achievement of gender equality, development and peace.

EU 51: Violence against women and girls both in private and public spheres is a major obstacle to the achievement of gender equality, development and peace and the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Actions to eliminate all forms of violence at all levels are essential. The adoption and implementation of gender-sensitive national and international legislation is essential.

*51 bis: DISCUSSED AND PENDING

EU 51. bis Armed conflict and emergency situations also impose serious threats to the lives of women and children. Therefore, the adoption and implementation of gender-sensitive national and international legislation eliminating violence against women in situations of armed conflict are essential. (Idea moved to para 51) International instruments, ongoing negotiations and international discussions aimed at the limitation of armed conflict, and discouraging outlawing of gender-based violence, including rape, are essential and help create an enabling environment for the achievement of gender equality, development and peace.

51 ter:

Holy See (second 51bis from compilation text): Women’s contributions to the welfare of the family, the social significance of maternity, motherhood and the role of parents in the family and in the upbringing of children continue to be inadequately recognized. Despite repeated commitments to strengthen and support the family, family disintegration is still a major cause of the feminization of poverty and other social problems disproportionately affecting women and girls.

G77: The family is the basic unit of society and is a strong force of social cohesion and integration and its stability should be strengthened. It plays a key role in providing social care. In different cultural, political and social systems, various forms of the family exist, the rights, capabilities and responsibilities of family members must be respected. Women’s contribution to the welfare of family, the crucial significance of maternity and the role of parents in the family and in the upbringing of children continue to be inadequately recognized. Women also continue to bear disproportionate burden in the household responsibilities. Such imbalance needs to be consistently addressed through appropriate policies and programmes, in particular those geared towards education and through legislation where appropriate.

EU: In different cultural, political and social systems various forms of families exist. Women’s contribution to the welfare of families as well as to the development of society continue to be inadequately recognized. In order to achieve full partnership, both in public and in private spheres, an equal sharing between women and men of work and family responsibilities is needed.

*52. EU proposed merged text:

Strong national machineries for the advancement of women and promotion of gender equality require political commitment at the highest level and all necessary human and financial resources to initiate, recommend and facilitate the development, adoption and monitoring of policies, legislation, programmes and capacity-building for the empowerment of women and to act as catalysts for open public dialogue on gender equality as a societal goal. This would enable them to promote the advancement of women and mainstreaming a gender perspective in policy and programmes in all areas, to play an advocacy role, and to ensure equal access to all institutions and resources , as well as enhanced capacity building for women in all sectors. Reforms to meet the challenges of the changing world are essential to ensure women’s equal access to institutions and organizations. Institutional and conceptual changes are a strategic and important aspect of creating an enabling environment for the implementation of the Platform for Action.

*53. Programme support to enhance women’s opportunities, potentials and activities need to have a dual focus: one the one hand, programmes aimed at meeting the basic as well as the specific needs of women for capacity building, organizational development and empowerment; and on the other, gender mainstreaming in all programme formulation and implementation activities. It is particularly important to expand into new areas of programming to advance gender equality in response to current challenges. AGREED

*53 bis: DISCUSSED AND PENDING (to be merged with 44 bis)

G77 53 bis: Girls and women of all ages with any form of disability are generally among the more vulnerable and marginalized of society. There is therefore need to take into account and to address their concerns in all policy making and programming. Special measures are needed at all levels to integrate them into the mainstream of development.

*54. Effective and coordinated plans and programmes for the full implementation of the

Platform requires a clear knowledge on the situation of women and girls, and a clear research based knowledge and data disaggregated by sex, short and long-term time-bound targets and measurable goals, follow-up mechanisms to assess progress. [Efforts are also needed to ensure capacity building for all actors involved and to increase transparency and accountability of actions taken towards these goals at the national level]

*55. DISCUSSED AND PENDING

55. The realization of the goals of gender equality, development and peace at the national and international level needs to be supported by the allocation of human and financial resources for specific and targeted activities, as well as through the explicit attention to these goals in all budgetary actions at the national and international level.

G77 55: The realization and the achievement of the goals of gender equality, development and peace need to be supported by the allocation of all necessary human, financial and material resources at the local, national, regional and international level as well as by increased international cooperation. The explicit attention to these goals in all budgetary processes at the national and international level is essential.

EU 55: The realization of the goals of gender equality, development and peace at the national and international levels needs to be supported by the allocation of human and financial resources for specific and targeted activities, as well as through the explicit attention to these goals in all budgetary actions at the national and international level budgets.

JUSCANZ 55: The [full] realization of the goals of gender equality, development and peace [human rights of all women and girls] at the national and international level needs to be supported by the allocation of human and financial resources for specific and targeted activities, as well as through the explicit attention to these goals in all budgetary actions at the national and international level.

* 55 bis: (TO BE MOVED BETWEEN PARAS 46 AND 46 BIS) Recognizing the persistent and increasing burden of poverty on women in many countries, particularly in developing countries, it is essential to continue from a gender perspective to review, modify and implement integrated macro-economic and social policies and programmes, including, inter alia, those related to structural adjustment and external debt problems, to ensure universal and equitable access to social services, in particular to education, and affordable quality health care services and equal access to and control over economic resources. AGREED

 

The following paragraphs (except paras. 56 d to 56 e ter, 56 f, and 56 k, as indicated with *) have not yet been discussed. The text in italics is the version taken from document E/CN.6/2000/PC/L.1/Rev.1

Actions to be taken at the national level

56. Governments must act to:

EU: Former 58 c) Design policies that protect and promote women’s enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and create an environment that does not tolerate violations of the rights of women and girls;

(a) Expand and encourage the use of specific, time-bound targets to achieve gender balance in the participation of women and men in all areas and at all levels of public life, especially in decision-making positions, and all political activities, including in electoral processes;

EU: a) Expand and encourage the use of specific, time-bound targets to achieve gender balanced in the participation of women and men, in all areas and at all levels of public life, especially in decision-making positions, and all political activities, including in electoral processes;

Holy See: (a) Expand and encourage the use of specific, time-bound targets to achieve gender balance provide equal opportunity for women to participate in the participation of women and men in all areas and at all levels of public life, especially in decision-making positions, and all political activities, including in electoral processes;

Turkey: (a) Expand and encourage the use of specific, time-bound targets to achieve gender balance in the participation of women and men in all areas and at all levels of public life, especially in decision-making positions, political parties and all political activities, including in electoral processes; with a provisional minimum target of 30 % representation of women by 2003 and equal representation by 2005

JUSCANZ: (a) Expand and Encourage the use of specific, time-bound targets [short- and long-term measurable goals and regularly monitor progress] to achieve gender balance in the participation of women and men[, including young women and men], in all areas and at all levels of public life, especially in decision-making positions, and all political activities, including in electoral processes;

JUSCANZ (a-bis) Address the barriers faced by women, particularly among marginalized women, in accessing and participating in politics and decision-making, including lack of training, women’s double burden of paid and unpaid work, societal attitudes and stereotypes;

(b) Set explicit time-bound targets for women’s full and equal participation in key policy-making levels in strategic and development institutions, including ministries of finance and planning, agriculture, education, health and environment;

EU: (b) delete

G77: (b) Set explicit short and long term time bound targets to promote progress towards the full and equal participation of women in key policy making levels in strategic and development institutions and all government ministries.

Holy See: (b) Set explicit time-bound targets for women's full and equal participation opportunity to participate in key policy-making levels in strategic and development institutions, including ministries of finance and planning, agriculture, education, health, environment;

JUSCANZ: (b) (Set explicit time-bound targets [Encourage the use of measurable goals] for women’s full and equal participation in key [at all] policy-making levels in strategic and development institutions, including ministries [and institutions];

(c) Set quotas for women’s participation in local development bodies as part of the decentralization processes taking place in many countries around the world;

EU: © delete.

EU: Merge (b) & (c) Set explicit time-bound targets for women’s equal access to and full and equal participation in key policy-making levels in strategic and development institutions, including all key ministries of finance and planning, agriculture, education, health, environment, as well as local development bodies, encouraging participatory governance as an instrument for women’s empowerment.

Turkey: Merge (b) and (c) Set [ Turkey: targets and implement measures] [EU: for women’s access to and full participation in key policy making levels in strategic, [Turkey: legal] , and development institutions including ministries of finance and planning, agriculture, education, health, [Turkey: justice] [Turkey: through positive actions, when necessary] [Turkey: delete: local development bodies as part of the decentralization processes taking place in many countries around the world;]

Turkey: b bis merged (b) and (c) : Develop and support education and training programs to empower women, including women voters and candidates

Holy See: (c) Set quotas goals for women's participation, on a basis of equal opportunity, in local development bodies as part of the decentralization processes taking place in many countries around the world;

JUSCANZ: Set quotas [Encourage the establishment of measurable goals] for women’s participation in local development bodies [authorities] as part of the decentralization processes taking place in many countries around the world;

*56 (d): Ensure policies that guarantee equal access to education and elimination of gender disparities in education, including vocational training, science and technology and completion of basic education for girls, especially for those living in rural and deprived areas, and opportunities for continuing education at all levels for all women and girls. (AGREED)

* 56 d bis: Support the implementation of plans and programmes of action to ensure quality education and improved enrolment retention rates for boys and girls and the elimination of gender discrimination as well as gender stereotypes in educational curricula and education material, as well as in the process of education. (AGREED)

* 56 d ter: [Provide a supportive learning environment for girls and boys that promotes gender equality, peace and human rights and respect for [cultural, religious and [all] other forms of diversity] [all forms of diversity]. (Remarks: there was general consensus until "respect for…")

* 56 d quarter: [TO BE MOVED UNDER PARA 62] Design and implement policies and programmes, to fully address specific needs of women and girls with disabilities, to ensure their equal access to education at all levels, including technical and vocational training and adequate rehabilitation programmes, to health care and services and employment opportunities, to protect and promote their human rights and, where appropriate, eliminate existing inequalities between women and men with disabilities. (AGREED)

* 56 e: Accelerate action and strengthen political commitment to close the gender gap in primary and secondary education by 2005 and to ensure free compulsory and universal primary education for both girls and boys by 2015 as advocated by several global conferences and eliminate policies which have been proven to worsen and perpetuate the gap. (AGREED)

*56 e bis: (Proposed by G77: Continue to undertake and carry out policies and programmes aimed at reducing the female illiteracy rate.) (Agreed to be considered along with para. 63h of PC/L.1/Rev.1 under para. 63)

* 56 e ter: Develop gender sensitive curricula from kindergarten to elementary schools to vocational training and universities in order to address gender stereotyping as one of the root causes of segregation in working life. (AGREED)

* 56 (f): DISCUSSED AND PENDING [TO BE DISCUSSED UNDER PARA 58 c]

[Continue efforts to implement fully national action plans modelled on the Platform for Action developed to follow-up the Fourth World Conference on Women and, as appropriate, adjust or develop national plans for the future]

7. Repeal all discriminatory legislation by 2005;

EU: (g) delete. JUSCANZ agrees with EU proposal to combine (g) and (h)

Holy See: (g) By 2005 repeal all discriminatory legislation that discriminates against women by 2005;

JUSCANZ: (g-bis) Take action to end discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation; review and repeal laws that criminalize homosexuality, since such laws contribute to creating a climate which encourages discrimination and violence against women who are, or are perceived to be, lesbians; and address violence and harassment against them;

Holy See 56 g bis: Maternity, motherhood, parenting and the role of women in procreation must not be a basis for discrimination nor restrict the full participation of women in society;

(h) Create and maintain a non-discriminatory, as well as a gender-sensitive, legal environment, and eliminate legislative gaps that leave women and girls without protection of their rights;

EU: (h) DELETE

EU: Merge (g) and (h) : Create and maintain a non-discriminatory, as well as a gender sensitive legal environment by reviewing legislation with the view to removing discriminatory provisions by 2005 and eliminating legislative gaps that leave women and girls without protection of their rights and without effective recourse against gender-based discrimination.

(i) Review all existing, as well as future legislation to ensure compatibility and full compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;

EU: (i) Review all existing, as well as future legislation to ensure compatibility and full compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and withdraw reservations to the CEDAW convention which are incompatible with the object and purposes of the Convention.

Holy See: (i) Review all existing, as well as future legislation to ensure gender equality; compatibility and full compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; (move to new 58 bis)

JUSCANZ: (i) [Take measures to ensure compatibility and compliance] Review all [of] existing, as well as [and] future legislation to ensure compatibility and full compliance with [and policy with the object and purpose of] the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;

EU: (i) bis Consider signing and ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

JUSCANZ: (i-bis) Ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, limit the extent of any reservations to it and withdraw all reservations which are incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention or otherwise incompatible with applicable international treaty law;

EU (i) ter Develop, review and implement laws, practices and procedures to prohibit and eliminate discrimination on the basis of sex, race or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.

(j) Adopt incentive systems for the private sector and for educational establishments that facilitate and strengthen compliance with non-discriminatory legislation;

EU: delete. Could be moved to paragraph 58. JUSCANZ: delete.

* 56 (k): Develop, adopt and fully implement laws and other measures as appropriate, such as policies and educational programmes, to eradicate harmful customary or traditional practices [including female genital mutilation, forced marriage and honour crimes] that are violations of the human rights of women and girls, obstacles to the full enjoyment by women of their human rights and fundamental freedoms and to intensify efforts, in cooperation with local women’s groups, to raise collective and individual awareness on how traditional or customary practices violate women’s human rights.

(l) Treat all forms of violence against women as a public offence punishable by law;

G77: (l) Treat all forms of violence against women and girls as a criminal offense punishable by law; and to ensure its implementation.

EU: (l) Treat all forms of violence against women as a public criminal offence punishable by law, including violence based on discrimination on the basis of race or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.

Holy See: (1) Treat all forms of violence against women as a public offence punishable by law;

JUSCANZ: (l) Treat all forms of violence against women [of all ages] as a public offence punishable by law, [with perpetrators sentenced appropriately; make training available to all law enforcement and justice personnel to enforce and apply these laws; introduce actions aimed at helping and motivating perpetrators to break the cycle of violence;]

(m) Establish family courts and adopt legislation to handle criminal matters relating to domestic violence;

EU: (m) delete. Redraft: Establish legislation to handle criminal matters relating to domestic violence and ensure that such cases are brought to justice swiftly.

Turkey: (m) Establish family courts and legislation to handle criminal matters relating to domestic violence, including marital rape and sexual abuse;

JUSCANZ: (m) Establish family courts and adopt legislation [and/or strengthen appropriate mechanisms] to handle criminal matters relating to domestic [or family] violence, [including marital rape and physical and/or sexual assaults of women and girls;]

Holy See: (m bis) Develop or strengthen policies which address family disintegration and insecurity;

JUSCANZ: (m-bis) Take immediate action, with the full participation of indigenous people, to address the particular impact of violence on indigenous women, in order to implement culturally appropriate programmes and services to eliminate all forms of violence;

(n) Introduce effective legislation in all States to protect women against violence and harmonize all laws to ensure that victims of such violence are not harmed again;

EU: (n) Introduce effective legislation in all States to protect women against violence and against further abuse and harmonize all laws to ensure that victims of this violence are not harmed are not indirectly punished for bringing a complaint against abuse or leaving an abusive relationship.

Turkey: (n) Introduce effective legislation in particular protection orders, in all States to protect women against violence and harmonize all laws to ensure that victims of such violence are not harmed again and provide legal aid, shelter and social, medical and psychological support;

JUSCANZ: (n) Introduce effective legislation in all States to protect [all] women [and girls] against [all forms of] violence, and harmonize all laws [encourage the reporting of such violence, and ensure that cases are quickly brought to justice; promote access to legal aid, shelter, and social, medical and psychological support,] to ensure that victims of such violence are not harmed again; and adopt innovative approaches to prevent domestic violence against women and girls with particular regard to the protection of children, working in partnership with the private sector, communities, and NGOs;

G77: (n) Take necessary measures to protect all women and girls against all forms of violence by providing access to legal aid, protective, medical, psychological and other support services and to encourage all women to report all incidents of violence against them by integrating a gender perspective in law enforcement and judicial systems to ensure gender sensitive treatment of all cases and victim’s freedom from further harm, harassment and revictimisation;

G77 n bis: Undertake research to develop a better understanding of the root causes of all forms of violence against women in order to design programmes and take measures towards eliminating these forms of violence;

EU: (n) bis: Set up a coordinating mechanism, such as a national rapporteur, to encourage the exchange of information and to report on findings and trends in violence against women, in particular trafficking.

JUSCANZ: (n-bis) Recognize and address through policies and programmes, race-based violence as another form of violence against women and girls, and racism as another cause of violence against women and girls;

G77: n bis (Based on JUSCANZ proposal) Take measures to address through policies and programmes, racially motivated violence against women and girls;

JUSCANZ (n-ter) Eliminate trafficking, particularly of women and girls in all its forms as it is a violation of human rights, through a three part anti-trafficking strategy consisting of prevention, protection and assistance for trafficking victims and prosecution of traffickers;

G77: n ter (Based on JUSCANZ proposal) To devise and enforce effective measures to combat all forms of trafficking in women and girls through an anti-trafficking strategy consisting of prevention campaigns, exchange of information, assistance and protection for the victims and prosecution of traffickers and their collaborators;

JUSCANZ: (n-quater) Consider preventing, within the legal framework and in accordance with national policy, victims of trafficking, particularly women and girls, from being prosecuted for their illegal entry or residence, taking into account that they are victims of exploitation;

(o) Adopt national legislation consistent with the Convention on Biological Diversity to protect the knowledge, innovations and practices of women in indigenous and local communities relating to traditional medicines, biodiversity and indigenous technologies;

EU: (o) Adopt national legislation, where appropriate, consistent with the Convention on Biological Diversity to protect the knowledge, innovations and practices of women in indigenous and local communities relating to traditional medicines, biodiversity and indigenous technologies.

G77: (o) Adopt national legislation where necessary in accordance with national legislative procedures consistent with the Convention on Biological Diversity to protect the knowledge, innovations and practices of women in indigenous and local communities relating to traditional medicines, bio-diversity and indigenous technologies;

Holy See: (o) Adopt national legislation consistent with the Convention on Biological Diversity to protect the knowledge, innovations and practices of women in indigenous and local communities relating to traditional medicines, biodiversity and indigenous technologies; (move to new 58bis)

JUSCANZ (Pending)

JUSCANZ: (o-bis) Accelerate research into gender aspects of current environmental concerns and promote women’s involvement in environmental decision-making and priority–setting;

(p) Integrate mental health services into primary health-care systems and train health workers to recognize and care for girls and women of all ages who have experienced any form of gender-based violence;

JUSCANZ: (p) Integrate mental health services into primary health-care systems, promote women’s and girls’ mental well-being, and the development of programmes to address mental health issues relating to inter alia, violence, conflict, marginalization, discrimination, and social and economic inequality, and train health workers to recognize and care for girls and women of all ages who have experienced any form of gender-based violence;

(q) Review and revise existing health legislation to reflect the new demands for service and care by women and girls as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and new knowledge about women’s needs for specific mental and occupation health programmes and for the ageing process;

EU: (q) Review and revise, when necessary or appropriate, existing health legislation and services to reflect the new demands for service and care by women and girls as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and new knowledge about women’s needs for specific mental and occupation health programmes and for the ageing process;

Holy See: (q) Review and revise existing health legislation to reflect the new demands for service and care by women and girls as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic as well as and new knowledge about women's needs for specific mental and occupational health programmes and for the ageing process;

Turkey: (q) Review and revise existing health legislation and services to reflect fulfill commitments as outlined in the Platform for Action, to ensure highest possible standard of care and to respond to the new demands for service and care by women and girls as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and new knowledge about women’s needs for specific mental and occupation health programmes and for the ageing process and needs of women of all ages in such areas as sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, mental health and occupational health;

JUSCANZ: (q) Review and revise existing health legislation [and/or policies] to reflect [commitments to ensure the highest attainable standard of health, including sexual and reproductive health, and to respond to] the new demands [needs] for service and care by women and girls as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and new knowledge about women’s needs for specific mental and occupation [al] health programmes and for the ageing process;

EU (q) bis Adopt policies to ensure primary health care and reproductive health services of the widest achievable range of scale, in order, namely, to bridge the gap of unmet needs in contraception and promote safe motherhood.

Holy See: (q) bis Adopt policies to address, on a prioritized basis, emerging and continued health challenges, such as malaria and other diseases identified by WHO as having major impact on health, including those having the highest mortality and morbidity rates; Ensure that the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality is a health sector priority and that women have ready access to essential obstetric care, well-equipped and adequately staffed maternal health-care services, skilled attendance at delivery, emergency obstetric care, effective referral and transport to higher levels of care when necessary, post-partum care and family planning;

JUSCANZ: (q-bis) Ensure that women of all ages can fully realize their sexuality, free of coercion, discrimination and violence by, inter alia, developing legislation, disseminating information and promoting accessible and affordable services;

EU (q) ter Address unsafe abortion as a major cause of maternal death and injury; and, in circumstances where it is not against the law, health systems should train and equip health service providers and should take other measures to ensure that abortion is safe and accessible.

Turkey: q ter Address unsafe abortion as a major cause of maternal death and injury; and, train and equip health service providers and take other measures for the provision of safe and accessible abortion and post-abortion services.

Holy See: (q)ter Ensure universal access for women throughout the life-cycle, on a basis of equality between women and men, to social services related to health care, including education, clean water and safe sanitation, nutrition, food security and health education programmes;

JUSCANZ: (q-ter) Give high priority to implementing without delay the ICPD+5 key future actions called for by the General Assembly in its resolution S-21/2 on 2 July 1999 in partnership with NGOs; JUSCANZ (q-quater) Enact legislation and/or adopt measures to ensure non-discrimination against and respect for the privacy of those living with HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, including women and young people, so that they are not denied the information needed to prevent further transmission and are able to access treatment and care services without fear of stigmatization, discrimination or violence;

JUSCANZ (q-quint) To meet the need to deal with the health impact of unsafe abortion as a major public health concern and a significant cause of maternal injury and death, and in circumstances where abortion is not against the law, health systems should train and equip health-service providers and take other measures to ensure that such abortion is safe and accessible, as well as take additional measures to safeguard women’s health, and as required by paragraph 106(k) of the Platform for Action, consider reviewing laws containing punitive measures against women who have undergone illegal abortions;

JUSCANZ (q-sext) Promote and improve comprehensive gender-specific tobacco control strategies for women, young women and girls, which would include inter alia, education, prevention and cessation programs and services, and the reduction of people’s exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and support the development of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control;

(r) Incorporate gender equality perspectives into budgetary processes;

EU: Delete.

JUSCANZ: (r) Incorporate gender equality perspectives into budgetary processes; Take into account the differential impact on women in the design of macro-economic policy by incorporating a gender equality perspective and developing the necessary analytical and methodological tools and mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation;

JUSCANZ: (r-bis) Implement programs that promote women’s participation in economic decision-making;

JUSCANZ (r-ter) Ensure meaningful participation in decision making by indigenous women to ensure culturally appropriate policies, programs and services, the use of indigenous languages, accessibility, the collection of appropriate data and research, and training for indigenous women;

19. Incorporate an allocation for gender equality programmes in national budgets;

EU: delete

JUSCANZ: (s) Incorporate an allocation for gender equality programmes in national budgets; Incorporate a gender equality perspective into national and other bugetary processes in order to promote equitable, effective and appropriate resource allocation and ensure adequate budgets to support gender equality programmes.

20. Establish specific allocations in national budgets for supporting development programmes for women;

EU: delete. (r), (s) & (t) could be merged and moved as y) bis

JUSCANZ: delete. (Covered by (r) and (s) amendments)

21. Create social security systems for poor women in view of the uncertainties and conditions of work associated with globalization;

EU: (u) delete. Redraft (u): Create and ensure equal access to social protection systems, taking into account the specific needs of poor women, demographic changes and changes in society, to provide safeguards against the uncertainties and changes in conditions of work associated with globalization and ensure that new, non-standard forms of work are not sub-standards in terms of social protection.

Turkey: (u) Create social security system for poor women, particularly women in agricultural and informal sectors, in view of the uncertainties and conditions of work associated with globalization.

JUSCANZ: (u) Create social security systems for poor women in view of the uncertainties and conditions of work associated with globalization; Create and ensure equal access to social protection systems, taking into account the specific needs of women living in poverty, demographic changes and changes in society, to provide safeguards against the uncertainties and changes in conditions of work associated with, globalizations and work to ensure that new, non-standard forms of work are not sub-standard in terms of social protection. (JUZCANZ amendment to EU text)

EU: (u) bis Facilitate employment for women through fiscal measures and adequate social protection, simplification of administrative procedures and other measures (such as access to risk capital, credit schemes and other funding) facilitating the establishment of micro enterprises and SMEs (ECE)

JUSCANZ: (u-bis) Ensure and safeguard the basic rights and interests of women as workers and take action to develop ways to support women’s equal participation in the labour force through inter alia, improving access to technologies and training; addressing sex differences in occupational health and safety; combating employment discrimination with respect to hiring and promotion, employment benefits and social security, working conditions, occupational segregation and harassment; and promote concrete support to enable workers to meet their employment and family responsibilities;(Pending)

JUSCANZ: (u-quarter) Affirm that national labour laws as they apply to new and/or irregular forms of work give appropriate protection to women workers, while maximizing employees and employers choices about forms of work; (PENDING)

(v) Ensure that national legislative and administrative reform processes linked to land reform, decentralization and reorientation to a market economy give women equal rights with men to economic resources, including access to credit, ownership and control over land and other assets;

EU: (v) Ensure that national legislative and administrative reform processes linked to land reform and land rights, decentralization and reorientation to a market economy, give women equal rights with men to economic resources, including property and inheritance rights, access to credit, ownership and control over land and other assets;

JUSCANZ: (v) Ensure that national legislative and administrative reform processes [including those] linked to land reform, decentralization and reorientation [transition] to a market economy give [respect] women’s equal rights with men to economic resources, including [property and inheritance rights,] access to credit, [markets, capital, natural resources and appropriate new technology, ownership and control over land and other assets;

23. Create new, or reinforce existing, institutional mechanisms to work with national machineries and NGOs and strengthen societal support for gender equality;

EU: delete.

Holy See: (w) Create new, or reinforce existing, institutional mechanisms to work with national machineries and non-governmental organizations and strengthen societal support for gender equality;

JUSCANZ: Create new, or reinforce existing, institutional mechanisms [at all levels of government,] to work with national machineries to and NGOs and strengthen societal support for gender equality, [in partnership with civil society];

(x) Establish effective equal opportunities commissions;

EU: (x) delete.

EU: Merge (w) and (x): Create or reinforce existing institutional mechanisms, such as effective equal opportunities commissions to work with national machineries and NGOs, and strengthening support for gender equality in society and effectively reaching all women.

JUSCANZ: Establish effective equal opportunities commissions [or other institutions to promote equal opportunities;]

EU (x) bis: Ensure that mandates, roles and responsibilities of institutional mechanisms are well defined and disseminated; provide them with the necessary sustainable human and financial means; and ensure their presence at the highest level in all governmental departments and all other decision-making bodies so that gender mainstreaming is integrated in all policy areas and accountability of the government to gender equality policies is extended to these areas.

(y) Design all government information policies and strategies in a gender-sensitive manner;

EU: (y) bis Merge (r), (s) and (t): Incorporate gender equality perspectives into all budgetary processes, including by ensuring adequate budgets to support gender equality programmes.

(z) Provide adequate resources in national budgets for national machineries for the advancement of women so that they can implement their mandates;

EU: (z) delete.

JUSCANZ: (z) Provide adequate resources in national budgets for [to] national machineries for the advancement of women so that they can implement their mandates;

(aa) Provide national statistical offices with institutional and financial support in order that their services may be demand-driven and enable them to respond to requests for data disaggregated by sex and age for use in the formulation of gender-sensitive statistical indicators for monitoring and impact assessment;

EU: (aa) delete. It could be moved to paragraph 62.

JUSCANZ: (aa) Provide national statistical offices with institutional and financial support in order that their services may be demand-driven and to enable them to respond to requests for [to collect, compile and disseminate] data disaggregated by sex and age [and other factors as appropriate, in formats that are accessible to the public and to policy-makers] for use in the formulation of gender-sensitive statistical indicators for [gender-based analysis,] monitoring and impact assessment [and support new work to develop statistics and indicators on remunerated and unremunerated work, including in the informal sector, violence against women, and women’s health concerns;]

Holy See: 56(aa)bis Provide funding to further develop statistical data on health including medical research on heart disease and epidemiological studies that are gender specific and conduct clinical trials involving women to establish basic information about dosage, side-effects and effectiveness of drugs, including contraceptives which conform to ethical standards for research and testing;

Holy See: 56(aa)ter Promulgate recent and reliable data on mortality and morbidity of women and conduct further research regarding how social and economic factors affect the health of girls and women of all ages as well as research about the provision of health services to girls and women and the patters of their use of such services and the value of disease prevention and health promotion programmes for women;

(bb) Develop national capacity to undertake policy-oriented research and impact studies by universities and national research/training institutes to enable knowledge-based policy-making;

EU: (bb) delete. It could be moved to paragraph 62

(cc) Publish crime statistics regularly to increase transparency and map trends in law enforcement concerning violations of the rights of women;

EU: (cc) delete. It could be moved to paragraph 62

JUSCANZ: (cc) Publish crime [sex-disaggregated] crime statistics regularly to increase transparency and map trends in law enforcement concerning violations of the [human] rights of women [and girls;]

(dd) Introduce measures to limit access to weapons by 2005.

EU: (dd) delete.

JUSCANZ: Introduce measures to limit access to weapons by 2005 Continue efforts to prevent and reduce the excessive and accumulation and transfer of small arms and light weapons and to combat illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, parts, components and ammunition in order to decrease impacts on civilian populations particularly women and children;

JUSCANZ: (dd-bis) Mainstream a gender perspective into national immigration and asylum policies, regulations and practices and consider taking steps to recognize gender-based persecution as grounds for granting asylum in order to extend protection to those women whose claim for protection is based on gender-related persecution. (Pending)

57. Governments and non-governmental organizations must act to:

EU: 57. Governments, the private sector and non-governmental organizations and other actors of the civil society must act to:

• Merge paras 57 & 58, since other actors than NGOs are necessary for actions under 57

JUSCANZ 57. By Governments, and non-governmental organizations, [the private sector, and other actors of civil society:] [JUSCANZ PROPOSES THAT ALL PARAS UNDER 57 AND 58 FALL UNDER 57 LIST OF ACTORS AS AMENDED]

(a) Encourage coalitions among NGOs, grass-roots organizations and traditional, community and religious leaders for the protection and promotion of women’s human rights;

EU: (a) Encourage coalitions collaboration among NGOs, grassroots organizations and traditional, community and religious leaders, for the protection and promotion of women’s the human rights of women;

Holy See: (a) Encourage coalitions among NGOs, grassroots organizations and traditional, community and religious leaders for the protection and promotion of women's fundamental human rights and the dignity and worth of the human person (Charter of the United Nations);

Turkey: (a ) Encourage coalitions among NGOs, grassroots organizations and traditional, community and religious leaders for the protection and promotion of women’s human rights;

JUSCANZ (a) Encourage coalitions among [Support the development of partnerships among all levels of governments,] NGOs, grassroots organizations, traditional, community and religious leaders [organizations and others] for the protection and promotion [promotion and protection] of [all] women’s [and girls’] human rights [and the eradication of poverty];

JUSCANZ (a-bis) Adopt a holistic approach to women’s physical and mental health throughout the life cycle that includes not only health services, but also health promotion, education and disease prevention activities that address biological, behavioral, social and economic determinants of health;

Holy See: 57(a)bis Promote programmes and policies that acknowledge the social significance of maternity, motherhood and the role of parents in the family and in the upbringing of children;

(b) Review health sector reform initiatives and their impact on women’s health, in particular on rural and poor urban health service delivery, and ensure that all women have full and equal access to health services;

EU: (b) delete. Redraft: Review and constantly monitor the impact of health sector reform initiatives on the full enjoyment of human rights by women, in particular with regard to rural and urban health service delivery to the poor, and ensure that reforms secure full and equal access to health services for women including reproductive and sexual health.

Holy See: (b) Review health sector reform initiatives and their impact on women's health, in particular, on rural and poor urban health care service delivery and ensure that all women have full and equal access to health care services;

JUSCANZ: (b) With the full participation of women, Rreview health sector reform initiatives and [assess] their impact on women’s health, in particular on rural and poor urban health service delivery; ensure that all women have full and equal access to health services; [improve the responsiveness of health systems to the diversity of women’s needs; and examine the possibility of using information and communication technologies, such as telehealth, to overcome barriers to accessing health services;]

JUSCANZ: (b-bis) Strengthen measures to improve the nutritional status of all girls and women, recognizing the life-long implications of nutrition and the link between mother and child health, by promoting and enhancing support for programs to reduce malnutrition, such as school meal programs and micro-nutrient supplementation, giving special attention to the gender gap in nutrition;

(c) Re-orient health information, services and training for health workers to incorporate gender-sensitivity and reflect user’s perspectives with regard to interpersonal and communications skills and user’s right to privacy and confidentiality;

EU: c) Reorient health information, including information on methods of family planning, services and training for health workers to incorporate gender-sensitivity and reflect user’s perspectives with regard to interpersonal and communications skills and user’s respect for women’s right to privacy, and confidentiality and informed choice;

Holy See: (c) Re-orient health information, services and training for health workers to incorporate gender-sensitivity and reflect user's perspectives with regard to interpersonal and communications skills and user's right to privacy and confidentiality; (delete because this repeats of paragraph 106f of the Platform)

Turkey: (c ) Re-orient medical institutions, health information, services and training for health workers to incorporate gender-sensitivity and reflect user’s perspectives with regard to interpersonal and communications skills and user’s right to privacy and confidentiality women’s perspectives and right to privacy, confidentiality and informed consent;

JUSCANZ: (c) [To meet the health needs of all women and girls] Rreorient health information, services and training for health workers to incorporate gender sensitivity and reflect [respect women’s and girls’] user’s perspectives with regard to interpersonal and communications skills and user’s [as well as safeguard and respect their] right to privacy[,] and confidentiality [and informed consent];

EU: (c) bis: Design and implement programmes, with the full involvement of young people, to educate and inform them on sexual and reproductive health issues. (from agreed conclusions CSW 43, ‘women and health’)

EU: (c) ter : Design and implement programmes to reduce the number of early pregnancies and support pregnant adolescents and teenage mothers, in particular to prevent them dropping out of school.

(d) Develop and use practical tools and indicators for gender mainstreaming, including gender-sensitive research, statistics and information.

JUSCANZ: (d) Develop and use [frameworks, guidelines and other] practical tools and indicators for [to accelerate] gender mainstreaming, including gender-sensitive [based] research, [analytical tools and methodologies, training, case studies,] statistics and information;

EU: (d) bis Provide opportunities for women, including women of all ages, with diverse backgrounds to gain political experiences by encouraging their participation and creating positive conditions for their entry into local and regional politics as well as into national politics. (ECE)

JUSCANZ: (d) bis: Provide opportunities for women of all ages, with diverse backgrounds to gain political experiences by encouraging their participation and creating positive conditions for their entry into local and regional politics as well as into national politics;

JUSCANZ: (d)ter: Examine and address the root causes of trafficking in persons, especially women and girls, focusing on, inter alia, lack of education, chronic unemployment, discrimination, lack of viable economic opportunities, feminization of poverty, and the demand for trafficking;

 

58. Governments, non-governmental organizations, the private sector and other actors of the civil society, must act to:

JUSCANZ: 58. By Governments, non-governmental organization, the private sector and all other actors of the civil society [JUSCANZ PROPOSES THAT ALL PARAS UNDER 58 CONTINUE UNDER PARA 57 LIST OF ACTORS AS AMENDED]

EU: 58. By Governments, non-governmental organizations, the private sector and other actors of the civil society:

• EU would like to switch the order of sub-paragraph a) & b):

(a) Establish the creation of institutional networks to support the career development and promotion of women;

EU: (a) bis Adopt innovative and practical measures to enhance the employability of women and improve the quality of their employment.

EU (a) Take action to bring about a balanced representation of women and men in all sectors and occupations in the labour market and Establish encourage the creation of institutional networks to support the career development and promotion of women to break the glass ceiling.

JUSCANZ: (a) Establish the creation of [Expand or create] institutional networks to support the career development and promotion of women [to break the glass ceiling and to take other actions to bring about a balanced representation of women and men in all sectors and occupations;] (SWITCH WITH/MOVE TO (b))

(b) Support women in senior positions to act as role models and mentors for other women and compile national rosters of possible women leaders;

JUSCANZ: (b) [Encourage] Support women in senior positions to act as role models and mentors for other women and compile national rosters of possible women leaders; (JUSCANZ SUPORTS EU TEXT AND SWITCH WITH/MOVE TO (a))

EU: (b) bis Take initiatives to remove structural, legal and behavioural barriers preventing gender equality in the world of work, covering in particular important problem areas, such as gender bias in recruitment; inequality in sharing work and family responsibilities between women and men; unequal treatment of workers’ rights and benefits in terms of their application to women and men; sex differences in occupational health and safety; and unequal career opportunities (glass ceiling). (ECE)

JUSCANZ: (b-bis) Develop and/or strengthen programmes and policies to support women entrepreneurs, including those engaged in new and emerging enterprises, through access to information, training, vocational training, new technologies, networks and financial services;

[JUSCANZ: SUPPORT EU B-BIS WITH ADDITIONAL REFERENCE TO AGRICULTURE]

EU b) bis Initiate positive steps to promote equal pay for equal work or work of equal value and to diminish differentials in incomes between women and men.

(c) Design policies that protect and promote women’s enjoyment of all human rights and create an environment that does not tolerate violations of the rights of women and girls.

EU: ( c ) delete. It could be moved to paragraph 56

Holy See: (c) Design policies that protect and promote women's enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and create an environment that does not tolerate violations of the those rights and freedoms of women and girls.

JUSCANZ: (c) Design [and implement] policies [and programs] that support women’s enjoyment of all human rights and create an environment that does not tolerate any violations of the rights of women and girls [, and specifically include training and legal literacy programs, which build and support the capacities of women’s organizations to advocate for women’s and girls’ human rights].

EU (c) bis Design, implement and promote family friendly policies, including affordable, accessible and quality care services for children and other dependants, as well as parental and other leave schemes.

JUSCANZ: (c-bis) Adopt and promote a holistic approach to responding to violence against girls, youth, women and older women that is sensitive to diversity and include the education of health providers and the provision of appropriate health and social services, educational programmes to overcome attitudes that reinforce women's subordination and stereotyped roles, programmes and education in the workplace, the promotion of economic equality and the empowerment of women.

EU (c) ter Organize public information campaigns to sensitize public opinion and other relevant actors on the principle of equal sharing between women and men of work and family responsibilities (ECE)

EU (c) quarter. Former 56 j) Adopt Consider introducing incentive systems for and in the private sector and for educational establishments that facilitate ensure and strengthen compliance with non-discriminatory legislation;

EU (c) quint. Encourage the education of girls in science, mathematics, new technologies of information and technical subjects and encourage women, namely through career advising to consider employment in high growth and high wage sectors and jobs. (ECE)

EU (c) sex. Develop a set of policies and programmes providing access to specific training, life-long learning and retraining, including in information and communication technology and entrepreneurial skills, which would be tailored to women’s needs according to the different stages of their lives and of family formation. (ECE)

EU (c) set. Analyze and respond to the major reasons why men and women are affected differently by the process of job creation and job elimination associated with economic transition and structural transformation of the economy, including globalization. (ECE)

Holy See: PROPOSED NEW CHAPEAU

Holy See 58bis. By States parties, where appropriate:

Holy See (a) Adopt national legislation consistent with the Convention on Biological Diversity to protect the knowledge, innovations and practices of women in indigenous and local communities relating to traditional medicines, biodiversity and indigenous technologies; (former 55o)

Holy See (b) Review all existing as well as future legislation to ensure compatibility and full compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women;

 

Actions to be taken at the international level

59. The United Nations, including the regional commissions, the United Nations system, international and regional organizations must act to:

EU: 59. By the United Nations, including regional commissions, the United Nations system, including the Bretton Woods Institutions international and regional organizations and Non Governmental Organizations:

• Merge para. 18 with 19

(a) Assist Governments to develop an integrated programme of support for the 12 critical areas of concern contained in the Platform;

EU: (a ) Assist Governments to develop, if they have not yet done so, and further implement national action plans for the implementation of the PfA. An integrated programme of support for the 12 critical areas of concern contained in the Platform;

JUSCANZ: delete (a) reformulate: Assist Governments to build institutional capacity and develop national action plans, or further implement existing action plans, for the implementation of the Platform for Action;

JUSCANZ: (a-bis) Assist non-governmental organizations, especially women’s organizations, to build their capacity to help monitor, advocate for and implement the Platform for Action;

(b) Allocate resources to regional and national programmes in the above-mentioned areas;

EU: (b) Allocate resources to regional and national programmes in the above-mentioned to implement the PfA in its 12 critical areas.

JUSCANZ: (b) Allocate resources to regional and national programmes in the above-mentioned areas [to implement the PFA in its 12 critical areas];

Turkey (b): Allocate sufficient resources to regional and national programmes in the above-mentioned areas;

EU (b) bis Mainstream a gender perspective in the integrated and coordinated follow-up to all UN major Conferences and Summits and in the ongoing debate on the future of the UN and on UN reform.

Russian Federation: b (bis) To assist Governments in countries with economies in transition to further develop and implement plans and programmes aimed at economic and political empowerment of women;

(c) Support women’s NGOs in providing services as one strategy to increase Government’s capacity to meet commitments made at the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development and the follow-up to the Conference (Cairo+5) regarding access to quality and affordable health services, including sexual, reproductive health care and family planning information and services, as well as maternal and essential obstetric care.

EU: ( c ) delete. Could be moved to paragraph 63

JUSCANZ: ( c ) delete. COVERED IN JUSCANZ 56 (q-ter)

Holy See: (c) Support women's NGOs in providing complimentary services as one strategy to increase Government's capacity to meet international commitments made at the International Conference on Population and Development and ICPD + 5 the Fourth World Conference on Women, regarding access to quality and affordable health services, social services related to health care, including education, clean water and safe sanitation, nutrition, food security, sexual and reproductive health care and family planning information and services that are free from any form of coercion, as well as maternal and essential obstetric and neo-natal care.

EU (c)bis Encourage all human rights mechanisms, including treaty bodies, to continue to systematically take a gender perspective into account in the implementation of their mandates, and to include in their reports information on and qualitative analysis of human rights of women and men.

JUSCANZ: (c-bis) Continue to implement and monitor, with the full participation of women, plans of actions, ECOSOC Agreed Conclusions and other initiatives to mainstream a gender perspective into all policies and programmes of the UN system, including through the integrated and coordinated follow-up to all major UN conferences and summits and in the on-going debate on UN reform, as well as to ensure the allocation of sufficient resources and maintenance of gender units and focal points to achieve this end;

EU: (c)ter Review the mandate of the CSW to further develop its role and working methods in monitoring and advancing implementation of the Beijing PFA;

JUSCANZ: (c-ter) Provide and disseminate an analysis of the linkages between the Beijing Platform for Action and all relevant major UN conferences and summits;

60. The organizations of the United Nations system, including the Bretton Woods institutions and NGOs must act to:

EU: 60 By the organizations of the United Nations system, including the Bretton Woods institutions and non-governmental organizations: Merge para. 60 and 61

Holy See: 60. By the organizations of the United Nations system, including the Bretton Woods institutions, international financial institutions and non-governmental organizations:

(a) Assist Governments in developing gender-sensitive responses to humanitarian crises resulting from armed conflict, natural disasters and environmental degradation;

EU: (a) Assist Governments in developing gender-sensitive responses to humanitarian crises resulting from armed conflict, natural disasters and environmental degradation and update, disseminate and implement national and international guidelines specifically designed to this end.

(b) Ensure women’s full and equal participation in sustainable reconstruction efforts;

EU: (b) Ensure and support women’s full and equal gender balanced participation in peace negotiations, peace building and at all stages of design, planning and implementation of sustainable reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts.

Holy See: (b) Ensure women's full and equal participation in sustainable reconstruction efforts;

JUSCANZ: (b) [Recognize and increase the] Ensure women’s full and equal participation [of women, particularly marginalized women, at all levels of decision making and implementation in development activities and peace processes, including conflict prevention, resolution, post-conflict reconstruction, peace-making, peace-keeping and peace-building] in sustainable reconstruction; (MOVE TO 62(g))

EU b)bis Consider funding and other support for empowering women and their organizations in conflict prevention, peace-keeping and post-conflict transformation activities.

(c) Support the work of the international tribunals, in particular with regard to gender-sensitivity;

EU: (c ) delete. Redraft ©: Encourage the International Criminal Tribunals, and the future ICC, in fully implementing the gender based provisions of the respective statutes and encourage them to promote gender balance in and gender training of their staff.

JUSCANZ: ( c ): Support the work of the international tribunals, in particular with regard [to the integration of a gender perspective] gender sensitivity;

(d) Support the activities of women’s networks working to eradicate all forms of violence against women;

EU: (d) Support the activities of women’s networks working to eradicate eliminate all forms of violence against women;

JUSCANZ: (d) delete, and redraft: Strengthen activities aimed at the eradication of all forms of violence against women and girls, including providing support for the activities of women’s networks;

5. Ensure that all actors are held accountable for the protection and promotion of the human rights of women;

EU: delete. Redraft: Ensure that all Governments are held accountable for the protection and promotion of the human rights of women and take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination and violence against women by any person, organization or enterprise.

JUSCANZ: Supports EU text with amendments and move to 56

(f) Launch an international "zero tolerance" campaign concerning violence against women by the end of 2001.

EU: (f) Consider launching an international "zero tolerance" campaign for on violence against women by the end of 2001;

JUSCANZ: SEEKS CLARIFICATION FROM SECRETARIAT/UNIFEM

JUSCANZ: (f-bis) Work with governments to ensure that gender equality dimensions of development are included in development planning including through the UN Development Assistance Frameworks, Country Development Frameworks and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Processes;

61. The organizations of the United Nations system must act to:

(a) Convene an international task force to develop an international consensus on common indicators on all types of violence and ways to measure violence by the end of 2001;

EU: (a) delete. Could be moved to paragraph 62

JUSCANZ: (a) delete.

(b) Achieve the goal of 50/50 gender distribution in all posts at the professional level and above, in particular at the higher levels in their secretariats, in hiring of consultants in peacekeeping missions and in all activities and report thereon;

EU: (b) Achieve the goal of 50/50 per cent women on all posts, including at the professional level and above, in particular at the higher levels in their secretariats, in hiring of consultants including in peace-keeping missions and peace negotiations, and in all activities and report thereon;

JUSCANZ: delete (b), reformulate: Accelerate implementation of measures designed to improve the status of women in the UN Secretariat, specifically the achievement of the goal of 50/50 gender balance, including setting targets at the departmental level and enhancing management accountability mechanisms;

3. Introduce, develop and monitor special activities, measures and affirmative action for women staff in areas of recruitment and promotion until the goal is reached.

JUSCANZ: delete (c ), COVERED IN JUSCANZ 61(b)

Holy See: (c) bis Ensure that all activities of the United Nations system which impact on the family contribute to its protection.

JUSCANZ: (c-bis) Emphasize the provision of training on gender mainstreaming, including gender impact analysis, and on the human rights of women, to all UN personnel and officials at headquarters and in the field, especially in field operations, and ensure appropriate follow-up to such training;

JUSCANZ: (c-ter) Take a leadership role through the statistical services of the U.N. system, in developing methods for, and compiling statistics on the full range of contributions of women and men to society and the economy, and the socio-economic situation of women and men, in particular in relation to poverty, and paid and unpaid work in all sectors;

JUSCANZ: (c-quat) Continue, within their mandates, to assist States Parties, upon their request, in implementing the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and in this regard, to pay attention to the concluding comments as well as the general recommendations of the Committee;

Actions to be taken at the national and international level

62. Governments and international organizations, including the United Nations system, must act to:

EU: 62. By Governments, regional and international organizations, including the United Nations system and international financial institutions:

EU: Former 56 (aa) Provide national statistical offices with institutional and financial support in order that their services may be demand-driven and enable them to respond to requests for data disaggregated by sex and age for use in the formulation of gender-sensitive statistical indicators for monitoring and impact assessment; Redraft: Urge statistical offices to formulate gender sensitive statistical indicators for monitoring and impact assessment and provide them with institutional and financial support to enable them to provide comparable data disaggregated by sex and age, as well as to carry out regular strategic surveys.

EU Former 56 (bb) Develop national capacity to undertake gender related and policy-oriented research and impact studies by universities, national research/training institutes to enable knowledge-based policy-making;

EU Former 56 (cc) Publish crime statistics regularly to increase transparency and map trends in law enforcement concerning violations of the rights of women and girls.

EU New: Incorporate the gender perspective in key macro economic and social development policies and national development agendas by developing the necessary analytical and methodological tools and mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation. (ECE)

(a) Institute action-oriented programmes, with time-bound targets and benchmarks for measuring progress;

EU: Institute action-oriented programmes for the accelerated implementation of the Platform for Action, with time-bound targets, and benchmarks and indicators for measuring progress;

JUSCANZ: (a) Institute action-oriented programmes, with [short- and long-term measurable goals] time-bound targets and benchmarks for measuring progress;

(b) Ensure greater international cooperation in and national attention to acquiring accurate data and developing indicators on violence against women, including women migrant workers;

EU: (b) Ensure greater international cooperation in and national attention to acquiring accurate and comparable data and developing indicators on the situation of women. violence against women, including women migrant workers,

JUSCANZ: (b) Ensure greater international cooperation in and national attention to acquiring accurate data and developing indicators on [issues of importance to women for use in gender analysis and policy-making;] violence against women;

3. Promote international cooperation to support national efforts in the development and use of gender-related analysis and statistics;

EU: © Promote international cooperation to support national and international efforts in the development and use of gender-related analysis and statistics;

(d) Support or conduct performance appraisals and impact analysis studies of measures undertaken to achieve gender equality;

EU: (d) Support and regularly or conduct gender impact assessments, performance appraisals and impact analysis studies of measures undertaken to achieve gender equality;

JUSCANZ: SEEK CLARIFICATION FROM SECRETARIAT

EU (d) bis (Former o) Create an adequate statistics base and clearing-house of good practices and lessons learned on the elimination of various forms of violence against women by the end of 2001

Redraft: Develop an international consensus on uniform indicators and ways to measure violence against women and consider establishing a readily accessible database on statistics, legislation, training models, good practices, ethical guidelines, lessons learned and other resources with regard to all forms of violence against women, including women migrant workers. (ECE)

(e) Improve the collection of comprehensive information about women, including HIV/AIDS throughout the life cycle, and of data disaggregated by sex and age;

EU: (e) Improve the collection of comprehensive information and of data disaggregated by sex and age about on the impact of HIV/AIDS on women, including HIV/AIDS throughout the life cycle;

JUSCANZ: (e) [In partnership with relevant institutions,] Iimprove [and systematize the development of indicators and] the collection of [data disaggregated by sex, age and other appropriate factors on health and access to health services; comprehensive information about women , including HIV/AIDS, throughout the life cycle, and of data disaggragated by sex and age; [eliminate gender biases in bio-medical, clinical and social research and conform with internationally-recognized human rights and internationally accepted legal, ethical, technical and scientific standards;]

JUSCANZ: (e-bis) Promote compatibility of policies and programmes with the objectives of ILO’s 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights of Work, and encourage consideration of ILO Conventions which are particularly relevant to ensure women’s rights at work;

(f) Encourage and implement curriculum changes in training for public officials to ensure attention to gender equality goals;

EU (f): Encourage and implement curriculum changes in training for public officials to make them gender-sensitive and to ensure attention to gender equality goals;

JUSCANZ: (f) Encourage and implement curriculum changes in training for public officials to ensure attention to [increase compliance with] gender equality goals;

(g) Ensure that women are involved in decision-making at all levels, including as special envoys and special representatives;

EU: (g) Ensure that women are involved Encourage the involvement of women in decision-making at all levels, including as special envoys and special representatives;

JUSCANZ: (g) Ensure that women are involved in decision-making at all levels [and achieve gender balance in the appointment of women], including as special envoys and special representatives [and to pursue good offices on behalf of the Secretary-General, especially in matters relating to peace-keeping, peace-building, preventive diplomacy, development, and in operational activities, including resident coordinators]; (MOVE TO 61)

JUSCANZ: (g-bis) Develop and maintain consultative processes and mechanisms, in partnership with women’s groups, community and other groups, to ensure that indigenous women, young women, women with disabilities, older women, and minority women are fully involved in and informed about decisions which impact their lives;

(h) Increase numbers of women to at least 30 to 35 per cent in the civilian police forces and the military, in particular at decision-making levels;

EU (h): Increase numbers of women to at least 30 to 35 per cent Take measures to reach gender balanced participation in the civilian police forces and the military, in particular at decision-making levels;

JUSCANZ: Delete (h), redraft: Identify women candidates for assignment to peace-keeping missions and improve the representation of women in military and civilian police contingents in those missions;

(i) Increase policy responses, effective legislation and other measures aimed at eradication of violence against girls, especially against sexual and economic exploitation, prostitution, child pornography, trafficking and harmful traditional practices such as female genital mutilation;

EU (i): Increase policy responses, effective legislation and other measures aimed at eradication elimination of violence against girls, especially against sexual and economic exploitation, including worst forms of domestic child labour, child prostitution, child pornography, trafficking and harmful traditional practices such as female genital mutilation;

Turkey: (i): Increase policy responses, effective legislation and other measures aimed at eradication of violence against girls, especially against sexual and economic exploitation, prostitution, child pornography, trafficking and harmful traditional and customary practices such as female genital mutilation, forced marriages, honor crimes and dowry related violence;

JUSCANZ: (i ) Increase policy responses, effective legislation and other measures aimed at eradication of [Develop and implement programs to eliminate all] violence against [women and] girls especially against sexual and economic exploitation, prostitution, child pornography, trafficking and harmful traditional [and customary] practices, such as female genital mutilation[, forced marriages and so-called honour crimes];

JUSCANZ: (i-bis) Increase cooperation, policy responses, effective legislation and/or other measures aimed at elimination of sexual and economic exploitation of girls, including child prostitution, child pornography, and sale of children;

JUSCANZ: (i-ter) Increase awareness of the extent to which rape and other acts of sexual violence against women and girls are being used as a weapon of war with the aim of preventing such crimes from occurring and take measures to support prosecution of all persons responsible for such crimes and provide avenues for redress to victims;

JUSCANZ: (i-quater) Intensify international cooperation to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, in particular women and children, inter alia in the framework of ongoing efforts to establish new legal instruments, and through cooperation between states of origin, transit and destination;

JUSCANZ: (i-quint) Improve policy responses, effective legislation and/or other measures aimed at eliminating the worst forms of child labor which have a particular impact on girls;

JUSCANZ: (i-sext) Provide financial and other support to NGOs and other actors in civil society in their fight against gender-based violence, including for programs to combat race-based violence against women and girls;

JUSCANZ: (i-sept) Provide protection for women’s human rights defenders and ensure the safety and security of international and local humanitarian personnel involved in women’s rights protection;

(j) Prosecute the perpetrators of all forms of violence against women and girls and sentence them appropriately;

EU (j): Prosecute the perpetrators of all forms of violence against women and girls and sentence them appropriately and introduce actions aimed at helping and motivating perpetrators to break the cycle of violence;

JUSCANZ: delete (j)

Azerbaijan: (j) bis: Ensure release of women taken hostages, including those subsequently imprisoned, in armed conflict;

(k) Improve knowledge and availability of, and accessibility to, remedies against denial or violations of rights, including effective and gender-sensitive courts, out-of-court procedures such as mediation or conciliation mechanisms, independent human rights institutions with explicit mandates on human rights of women and international judicial and quasi-judicial procedures such as the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;

Holy See: (k) Improve knowledge and availability of, and accessibility to, remedies against denial or violations of rights, including effective and gender-sensitive courts, out-of-court procedures such as mediation or conciliation mechanisms, independent human rights institutions with explicit mandates on human rights of women and international judicial and quasi judicial procedures such as the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;

(l) Eliminate impunity for breaches of human rights and humanitarian law through strict application of these standards, especially for military personnel, including peacekeeping forces;

JUSCANZ: Pending

EU: (l) bis Ensure that the mandate of any High-Level Presence in a crisis situation (e.g. Special or High Representative) contains a clearly identifiable gender perspective, and ensure that any such High-Level Presence includes in its team a senior adviser on gender issues;

JUSCANZ: (l) bis: Address the root causes of armed conflict in a comprehensive and durable manner in order to enhance the protection of civilians, particularly women and children;

JUSCANZ: (l-ter) Ensure that the special protection and assistance needs of internally displaced women and girls are identified and met, and in this regard encourage the wide dissemination and use, as appropriate, of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement;

(m) Encourage universal ratification of the Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court by 2005 and support development of rules under the Statute to ensure that they incorporate gender-sensitivity;

JUSCANZ: pending

EU: (m) bis Ensure full implementation of the ILO’s 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and encourage universal ratification and full implementation of ILO Conventions which are particularly relevant to ensure women’s rights at work.

(n) Ensure education and training for all actors in contact with victims of violence;

EU: (n) delete. Redraft: Establish clear guidelines for and provide training to all actors, including police and prosecutors and peace-keeping personnel on attitudes and behaviour in dealing with victims of violence, including sexual violence, as well as clear procedures corresponding to different forms of violence. (ECE)

JUSCANZ: (n) delete

(o) Create an adequate statistics base and clearing-house of good practices and lessons learned on the elimination of various forms of violence against women by the end of 2001;

EU: (o) delete. It could be moved after d)

JUSCANZ: (o ) delete. COVERED UNDER JUSCANZ 62(b)

16. Undertake impact analysis of measures on violence against women;

EU: (p) delete.

JUSCANZ: (p) delete. COVERED UNDER JUSCANZ 62(b)

(q) Work with private sector partners and media networks at the national level, particularly in the area of information and communications technologies, to ensure that issues of equal access for women and men are taken into account;

EU: q) Work Cooperate with private sector partners and media networks at the national and international levels to ensure equal access for women and men particularly in the area of information and communications technologies, to ensure that issues of equal access for women and men are taken into account;

JUSCANZ: (q) delete.

(r) Establish programmes to build the capacity of women’s NGOs and organizations to use new information and communications technologies in their development activities;

EU: (r) Establish Support programmes to build the capacity of women’s NGOs and organizations to use new information and communications technologies in their development activities;

EU (r) bis Consider how international trade may best contribute to reducing the disproportionate impact of poverty on women and children and to improving labour conditions, including through enhanced protection of core labour standards.

(s) Accelerate the implementation of the 20/20 initiative;

EU: (s) Accelerate the implementation of the 20/20 initiative, ensuring that it integrates a gender perspective and fully benefits women;

JUSCANZ: SUPPORTS EU TEXT

(t)Encourage developed countries to reach the target of committing 0.7 per cent of their gross domestic product (GDP) for official development assistance, thereby increasing the flow of resources for gender equality, development and peace;

EU: Pending. Wait for Political Declaration.

JUSCANZ: Pending.

(u) Endorse a gender-sensitive global poverty eradication strategy during the Millennium Assembly in September 2000;

EU: (u) delete. Redraft: Integrate a gender perspective in all activities and documents related to the Millennium Assembly and Summit, including in the consideration of poverty eradication;

JUSCANZ: (u) delete.

EU (u) bis Assess the extent to which poverty eradication programmes have a positive impact on the empowerment of women living in poverty, in terms of access to training and education, employment, inheritance skills and social services as well as access to and control over land, income and credit, and define concrete changes in such programmes in the light of the above assessment.. (ECE a.c.))

(v) Establish social development funds to minimize the negative effects of structural adjustment programmes and trade liberalization on women and the disproportionate burden borne by poor women;

EU: (v) delete. Redraft: Recognizing that gender equality is a pre-requisite for poverty eradication, elaborate and implement, in consultation with civil society, gender sensitive poverty reduction strategies addressing social, structural and macro-economic issues in a coherent and mutually reinforcing manner, in order to mitigate possible adverse effects of structural adjustment programmes and trade liberalization policies.

JUSCANZ: (v) delete.

Russian Federation: (v) Recognizing that gender equality is a pre-requisite for poverty eradication, elaborate and implement, in consultation with civil society, gender sensitive poverty reduction strategies addressing social, structural and macro-economic issues in a coherent and mutually reinforcing manner, in order to mitigate possible adverse effects of structural adjustment programmes and trade liberalization policies as well as to reduce the social costs of the transition process.

Turkey (v) bis: Assist governments in developing policies for transparency and accountability relating to economic restructuring processes and work with government and all relevant bodies to facilitate the gender impact assessment of economic restructuring including privatization.

(w) Support the Cologne initiative for the reduction of debt, particularly the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Debt Initiative, and the provision that funds saved should be used to support anti-poverty programmes that address gender dimensions;

EU: (w) Support the Cologne Initiative for the reduction of debt, particularly the speedy implementation of the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Debt Initiative, and the provision ensure that funds available, including those saved by the debt initiative should be are used to support anti-poverty programmes that address comprehensive poverty reduction strategies designed in cooperation with civil society and incorporating gender dimensions. Such strategies should be based on the understanding that gender inequalities limit economic growth and social development and that, among others, gender budget initiatives should be taken into consideration;

JUSCANZ: (w) Support the [timely implementation of the enhanced] Cologne initiative for the reduction of debt, particularly among Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Debt Initiative, and the provision that funds saved should be used to support [comprehensive poverty reduction strategies designed in cooperation with civil society] and incorporating gender dimensions; (MOVE TO 63)

(x) Establish "lending windows" with simplified procedures and collateral requirements that specifically cater to the savings and credit needs of women.

JUSCANZ: (x) delete, and redraft: Establish, in partnership with the private sector where appropriate, "lending windows" and financial services with simplified procedures and collateral requirements and other financial vehicles that specifically cater to the savings, credit and insurance needs to women of all ages engaged at all levels of business; (MOVE TO 63)

EU (x) bis Adopt measures to address the specific needs of older women, in order to ensure their full enjoyment of human rights and quality of life and incorporate them as active partners in the realization of "societies for all ages".

JUSCANZ: (x-bis) With the full participation of indigenous women, establish policies and programmes to build their capacity in leadership, mentoring, decision-making, advocacy, conflict resolution, and the use of information and communication technologies;

EU (x) ter Promote and protect the human rights of all migrant women and enact policies to address the specific needs of documented migrant women and, where necessary, tackle the existing inequalities between men and women migrants to ensure gender equality;

EU (x) quarter Address the specific needs of women and girls with disabilities in the fields of employment, education and health, protect and promote their human rights and, where appropriate, tackle existing inequalities between women and men with disabilities.

63. Governments, international organizations, including the United Nations system and relevant actors of civil society, must act to:

JUSCANZ: 63. By Governments, international organizations including the United Nations system, and relevant actors of civil society [and the private sector]:

EU: Former 59 c) Increase Governments capacity, inter alia, by supporting women’s NGOs in providing services as one strategy to increase Government’s capacity to meet commitments to gender equality and the human rights of women, including sexual and reproductive health care rights made at Beijing, the International Conference on Population and Development and ICPD+5 and related UN Conferences. regarding access to quality and affordable health services, including sexual reproductive health care and family planning information and services, as well as maternal and essential obstetric care;

(a) Seek to create partnerships among Governments, international organizations, NGOs, the private sector, civil society, women and men in support of gender equality;

JUSCANZ: (a) Seek to c [C]reate [effective] partnerships among Governments, international organizations, NGOs, the private sector, civil society, [communications and media systems,] women and men in support of gender equality;

EU a) bis Provide a gender-sensitive economic and social policy framework that is just and stable, and supports, stimulates and expands private initiative;

Holy See: (a bis) Provide protection to the family, the basic unit of society;

EU a) ter Establish partnerships with business, trade unions and other NGOs in support of the goals of the Fourth World Conference on Women and the SG’s proposal for a Global Compact;

EU a) quarter Recognize the need for information campaigns and codes of conduct that promote gender-sensitive social responsibility of the private sector;

(b) Undertake capacity-building, including through gender training, for all actors accountable for achieving gender equality;

JUSCANZ: (b) Undertake [Strengthen capacity of all actors responsible for achieving gender equality] capacity building, including through gender training;. for all actors tasked with achieving gender equality;

(c) Develop policies that target men, in particular younger men, on changing attitudes and behaviours concerning gender roles and responsibilities;

EU: © Develop policies that target men, in particular younger men, on changing attitudes and behaviours concerning gender roles and responsibilities; including education programmes for boys;

Holy See: (c) Develop policies that target men, in particular younger men and boys, to help them change negative attitudes, on changing attitudes and behaviours concerning gender roles stereotypes and responsibilities;

JUSCANZ: (c) Develop policies [and support programs] that target [for] men [and boys], in particular younger men, on changing attitudes and behaviours concerning gender roles and responsibilities [which promote gender equality and positive attitudes and behaviors concerning gender roles and responsibilities, including responsible and respectful sexual behavior];

JUSCANZ: (c-bis) Support formal and informal education programs for girls, adolescent girls and young women, and support and enable them to acquire knowledge, develop self-esteem and take responsibility for and control over their own lives;

JUSCANZ: (c-ter) Strengthen and promote programs to support the participation of young women in youth networks between and among developed and developing countries in order to address their needs and concerns;

JUSCANZ: (c-quater) Promote programs for healthy active ageing that stress the independence, equality, participation, and security of older women and undertake gender-specific research and programs to address their needs;

3. Expand gender-awareness campaigns and gender training among women and men to combat the persistence of traditional stereotypes;

JUSCANZ: (d)Expand [Strengthen] gender-awareness campaigns and gender [equality] training among women and men[, girls and boys] to combat [eliminate] the persistence of harmful traditional stereotypes;

(e) Provide information, education and training and equal access for women and girls to public goods and services;

EU: (e) delete.

Holy See: (e bis) Recognize the social significance of the family and the important role often played by women in caring for members of their family;

Holy See: 63(e)bis – Encourage an appreciation for the central role that religion, spirituality and belief play in the lives of millions of women and men, in the way they live and in the aspirations they have for the future, and in this regard, protect and promote the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion as inalienable rights which must be universally enjoyed;

JUSCANZ: (e-bis) Promote appropriate measures for women’s life-long learning, through both the formal and non-formal systems, including distance education, so as to support their empowerment;

JUSCANZ: (e-ter) With the full participation of indigenous women, develop and implement educational and training programs that respect their history, culture, spirituality, languages and aspirations and ensure access to all levels of formal and informal education, including higher education

JUSCANZ: (e-quater) Organize public campaigns, as appropriate, to inform the public of the unacceptability of violence against women and undertake prevention activities to promote healthy and balanced relationships based on gender equality, as recommended by the General Assembly Resolution A/C.3/54/L.14/Rev.1 ;

(f) Devise and implement programmes to reconcile family and professional responsibilities for both men and women;

EU: f) Devise and implement programmes to reconcile family and professional responsibilities for both men and women, paying particular attention to encouraging men to share responsibilities for care in the family;

JUSCANZ: (f) Devise and implement [Promote] programmes to reconcile family and professional [work] responsibilities for both men and women;

(g) Apply affirmative action measures to give women equal access to capacity-building training programmes to enhance women’s participation in decision-making at all levels, including as planners, managers and executives of anti-poverty, health and environmental protection and resource management programmes;

EU: (g) Apply affirmative action positive measures, to give women equal access to capacity building training programmes to enhance women’s participation in decision-making at all levels and in all fields, including as planners, managers and executives of anti-poverty, health and environmental protection and resource management programmes;

JUSCANZ: (g) Apply affirmative action [positive action] measures to give women equal access to capacity-building training programmes to enhance women’s the participation [of the full diversity of women] in decision-making at all levels [and in all fields,] including as planners, managers and executives; of anti-poverty, health and environmental protection and resource management programmes;

(h ) Reach out to illiterate adult women through massive literacy campaigns using all modern technological means available and maintain acquired knowledge through post-literacy training, aiming at reducing the female illiteracy rate to at least half its 2000 level by 2005;

EU: Wait for the results of Dakar in April.

JUSCANZ: (h) Reach out to illiterate adult women through massive [effective] literacy, campaigns [programs, including for technological literacy,] using all modern technological means available and maintain acquired knowledge through post-literacy training, aiming at reducing the female illiteracy rate; to at least half of its 2000 level by 2005

(i) Examine the causes for the decline in the enrolment of girls and boys at the primary and secondary levels in some countries, the rise in the number of females in tertiary education in many parts of the world and the consequences of these phenomena;

EU: (i) Examine the causes for the decline in the enrolment of girls and boys at the primary and secondary levels in some countries, the rise in the number of females in tertiary education in many parts of the world and the consequences of these phenomena; and design measures to address these causes with a view to ensuring achievement of international targets on education set by Beijing and Copenhagen;

JUSCANZ: [Continue to] E [e]xamine the causes for the decline in the enrolment of girls and boys at the primary and secondary levels in some countries, the rise in the number of females in tertiary education in many parts of the world and the consequences of these [this] phenomena[on];

EU i) bis Ensure equal opportunities for women and girls in cultural, recreational and sports activities at all levels, as well as in participation in all areas of athletics and physical activities at national and international levels, such as access, training, competition, remuneration and prizes;

JUSCANZ: (i-bis) Develop policies and programmes for the protection of children in hostilities, especially girls, in order to prohibit their forced recruitment by all actors, and to promote and/or strengthen mechanisms for the rehabilitation and reintegration of girl recruits, taking into account their specific experiences and needs;

(j) Ensure widespread dissemination of information and knowledge on the application of human rights and humanitarian law standards;

EU: (j) Ensure widespread dissemination of information and knowledge on the application of human rights and humanitarian law standards, in particular on human rights of women;

JUSCANZ: (j) Promote comprehensive human rights education programs by relevant human rights authorities and institutions in partnership with private sector partners and media networks, to E[e]nsure widespread dissemination of information and knowledge on the application of human rights, refugee and humanitarian law and standards, in particular as they apply to women;

EU j) bis Intensify cooperation between States of origin, transit and destination in investigations and judicial processes relating to trafficking. Such cooperation should be supported by an effective exchange of information, involving intergovernmental law enforcement and police organizations and, if appropriate, NGOs. (ECE)

JUSCANZ: (j-bis) Empower women involved in all armed conflict situations including women refugees and displaced women by involving them in the design and management of humanitarian activities and ensuring that they benefit from these programmes on an equal basis with men;

EU j)ter Pursue, as appropriate, national and international strategies to reduce the risk of women and girls, including those who are refugee and displaced, of becoming victims of trafficking; strengthen national legislation by further defining the crime of trafficking in all its elements and by reinforcing the punishment accordingly; enact social policies and programmes, as well as information and awareness raising initiatives, to prevent and combat trafficking and to support the reintegration of victims in countries of origin and provide measures to support, assist and protect trafficked persons in countries of destination.

(k) Facilitate the creation of alliances between governmental authorities, parliaments, the judiciary and women’s rights groups to monitor compliance with non-discriminatory legislation;

EU: (k) Facilitate the creation of alliances Encourage co-operation between governmental authorities, parliaments, the judiciary and women’s rights groups to monitor compliance with non-discriminatory anti discriminatory legislation;

JUSCANZ: Facilitate the creation of alliances between governmental authorities, parliaments, the judiciary and women’s rights groups to monitor compliance with non-discriminatory legislation;

50. Encourage the media to actively support the realization of the goal of gender equality;

EU: (l) delete.

JUSCANZ: (l) delete. MOVE TO 63(a)

(m) Adopt, or develop further, codes of conduct, professional guidelines and other self-regulatory guidelines for the media and the information industry to ensure women’s equal access and opportunities as producers and consumers of media and information;

EU: (m) Encourage the media and the information industry to adopt, or develop further, codes of conduct, professional guidelines and other self-regulatory guidelines for the media and the information industry to ensure women’s equal access and opportunities as producers and consumers of media and information;

JUSCANZ: SUPPORTS EU TEXT AND RECOMMEND MOVE TO 57(d-quat)

(n) Design approaches to encourage the media, including through the Internet, to reduce and eliminate stereotyping of women and girls and the commercialization of sex and violence against women and girls

EU: delete.

JUSCANZ: (n) delete. SUPPORTS EU 63(q)

Holy See: (n) Design approaches to encourage the media, including through the and Internet web-site operators, to reduce and eliminate stereotyping of women and girls and the commercialization of sex and violence against women and girls;

(o) Develop programmes that support women’s ability to create, access and distribute information, including through access to and use of new information technologies such as the Internet;

EU. Delete.

JUSCANZ: (o) Develop programmes that support all women’s ability to create, access and distribute information, including through access to and use of new information technologies such as the Internet;

EU: Merge (o) & (s) as follows: Develop programmes that support women’s ability to create, access and promote networking, in particular through the use of new information and communication technologies, such as the Internet.

(p) Target journalists and media specialists, media associations, educational and training institutions to promote balanced and non-stereotyped portrayals of women;

EU: delete.

JUSCANZ: (p) delete. SUPPORTS EU 63(q)

(q) Implement radio and advertising campaigns emphasizing the equal value of girls and boys in society;

EU: delete.

JUSCANZ: (q) delete. SUPPORTS EU 63(q)

EU Replace (l), (n), (p) and (q) with the following: Encourage the media, including the internet, to develop, with the participation of women, self-regulatory guidelines to remove gender stereotypes and promote positive images of women and men, taking into account the right to freedom of expression.

(r) Study the role that new information technology can play in advancing gender equality;

EU: Study the role that Develop the potential of new information and communication technology can play in advancing gender equality;

JUSCANZ: ( r ) delete, and redraft: Capitalize on the new information technologies to improve the global sharing of information, research, strengths, lessons learned and best practices related to achieving gender equality and study other roles that these technologies can play towards that goal;

(s) Provide access to technology that enables women’s organizations to build and maintain networks and to generate and share information;

EU: delete. It was merged with (o)

JUSCANZ: (s) [Continue to support] Provide access to technology [and training] that enables women’s organization to build and maintain networks and to generate and share information;]

Holy See: (s bis) Devise new approaches to reduce severe and moderate malnutrition among the most vulnerable groups, including women and girls.

(t) Support NGOs in efforts to develop community strategies to protect women of all ages from HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, provide care to infected girls, women and their families and mobilize all parts of the community;

EU: (t) Support NGOs in efforts to develop community mobilization strategies to protect women of all ages from HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases; and provide care to infected girls, women and their families and mobilize all parts of the community

Holy See: (t) Support NGOs in efforts to develop community strategies to protect women of all ages from HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, while respecting parental rights and responsibilities, provide care to infected girls, women and their families, promote responsible sexual behaviour, including abstinence, and mobilize all parts of the community;

JUSCANZ: (t) As a matter of priority, especially in those countries most affected, and in partnership with Support NGOs[,] in efforts to intensify education, services and develop community-based strategies to protect women of all ages from HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, including the provision of male and female condoms, voluntary HIV testing and counselling, and intensify research on and make available as soon as possible other female-controlled methods, such as microbicides, and vaccines; provide care to infected girls, women and their families and mobilize all parts of the community;

JUSCANZ (t) bis: Provide access to adequate and affordable treatment and care for people with STDs and HIV and associated opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, and other services, including adequate housing for women and girls living with STDs and HIV, including during pregnancy and breastfeeding; assist boys and girls orphaned as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic;

(u) Provide support systems, including adequate medication, housing and monitoring for women and girls infected by HIV/AIDS;

EU: (u) Provide gender sensitive support systems, including adequate appropriate medication, housing, social protection, care, and monitoring for children, adolescent girls, women and their families infected affected by HIV/AIDS.

JUSCANZ: (u) Provide support systems, including adequate medication [to assist women who are involved in caring for persons affected by serious health conditions, including HIV]; adequate housing including adequate medication, housing and monitoring for women and girls infected by HIV/AIDS;

(v) Discourage, through the media and other means, customary laws and practices, such as early marriage, polygamy and female genital mutilation, that increase women’s and girls’ susceptibility to HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases;

EU delete. Redraft: Encourage, through the media and other means, a high awareness of harmful effects of traditional or customary practices affecting the health of women, some of which increase their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and other sexual transmitted infections and intensify efforts to eliminate such practices.

Holy See: (v) Discourage, through the media and other means, harmful customary laws and practices, such as early marriage, polygamy and female genital mutilation, that increase women's and girls susceptibility to HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases;

JUSCANZ: Discourage [Encourage], through the media and other means, [the elimination of harmful traditional and] customary laws and practices, such as early or forced marriage, [so-called honor crimes,] polygamy, and female genital mutilation, that increase women’s and girls susceptibility to HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases;

(w) Apply international and national labour laws to irregular forms of work, such as outsourcing, part-time labour and informal subcontracting, created by globalization and which remain unprotected by standard labour laws;

EU delete. Redraft: Encourage the application of international labour standards to all forms of work, including those particularly affecting women, such as outsourcing, part-time work, atypical work and informal labour subcontracting, which have increased, inter alia, as a result of globalisation and which, in many cases, remain unprotected by labour standards

JUSCANZ: delete (w), and redraft: Promote and protect women’s rights concerning work, including through the application of national labour laws and international labour laws to the extent ratified by States and consider enhancing protections where required for new and/or irregular forms of work;

Holy See: (w)Apply international and national labour laws to irregular forms of work, such as outsourcing and part-time labour and informal subcontracting, created by globalization and which remain unprotected by standard labour laws;

JUSCANZ: (w-bis) Take measures to develop and implement programs aimed at assisting women-owned businesses to expand through areas such as international trade, technological innovation and investment to succeed in the global knowledge economy;

(x) Re-orient agricultural extension services, including credit, to meet needs of women producers and to strengthen women’s vital role in providing food security;

EU: Re-orient agricultural extension services, including credit schemes, to meet needs of women producers who play a and to strengthen women’s vital role in providing food security and strengthen women’s capacity to engage in and profit from expanding and changing agricultural markets.

JUSCANZ: SUPPORTS EU 63(x)

(y) Adopt special measures to improve the situation of rural women and to empower them to ensure the socio-economic security of their households;

EU: y) Adopt special measures to improve the situation of rural women and to empower them to ensure the socio-economic security of their households;

JUSCANZ: delete (y) and redraft: Adopt measures to ensure that the work of rural women engaged in agricultural production and enterprises related to farming, fishing and resource management is recognized and valued in order to enhance their economic security, their access to resources, services and benefits, and their empowerment;

(z) Support the intermediary role of NGOs in establishing linkages between financial institutions and disadvantaged women in rural and urban areas;

JUSCANZ: Support the intermediary role of NGOs in establishing linkages between financial institutions and disadvantaged women in rural and urban areas;

JUSCANZ: (z-bis) Promote and encourage substantive partnerships among governments and multilateral organizations, private sector institutions and NGOs to support poverty reduction initiatives focused on women and girls;

(aa) Support the capacity of women’s NGOs to mobilize resources to ensure sustainability of their development activities;

EU: aa) Support the capacity of women’s NGOs to mobilize resources to ensure sustainability of their development activities;

Holy See: (aa) Support the capacity of women's NGOs to mobilize resources to ensure sustainability of their development activities;

JUSCANZ: (aa) Support the capacity of women’s NGOs to ensure sustainability of their development activities;

(bb) Undertake research on emerging trends that are creating new gender disparities, such as migration of women and its effects on household members and the economy, and new conditions of employment and their effects on gender roles and relations;

EU: bb) Undertake Deepen research on emerging trends that are creating new gender disparities, such as new forms of migration of women and its effects on the household members and the economy, and new conditions of employment and their effects on gender roles and relations, in order to provide a solid basis for policy action.

JUSCANZ: Undertake [Continue] research on emerging trends that are creating new gender disparities, such as migration of women and its effects on household members and the economy, and new conditions of employment and their effects on gender roles and relations, and gender differentials in susceptibility to environmental and occupational risk factors, in order to provide a solid basis for policy action

Holy See: (bb bis) Promote a culture of peace and seek to increase the involvement of women in this process.

(cc) Involve more women in conflict resolution negotiations, peacemaking and peace-building;

EU Delete. It is covered in 60 b)

JUSCANZ: delete.

Holy See: (cc bis:) Recognize the importance of the family as a stabilizing factor in society, especially in conflict and post-conflict situations.

(dd) Provide training opportunities for girls to develop their skills in leadership, advocacy and conflict resolution;

EU (dd) Provide training opportunities for girls to develop their skills in leadership, advocacy and conflict resolution and enhance their self-esteem;

JUSCANZ: Provide [Strengthen mentoring programs and] training opportunities for [all] girls [and women] to develop their skills in leadership, advocacy and conflict resolution;

JUSCANZ: (dd-bis) Develop and strengthen the capacity and effectiveness of institutions and decision-making bodies by fully involving indigenous women and increase the participation and influence of indigenous women in decision making at all levels through inter alia the provision of training and the promotion of role models;

(ee) Ensure that differences in the impact of armed conflict on women and men are widely understood and addressed through dissemination of information and public awareness campaigns;

JUSCANZ: (ee) Ensure that differences in impact of armed conflict on women and men [the gender differentiated experiences, including the recognition that women are not only victims of armed conflict, but also partners and contributors to the peace processes] are widely understood and addressed through the dissemination of information and public awareness campaigns [programs, and that this awareness informs planning, policy and decision-making processes;]

EU delete. Redraft: Ensure, i.a. through dissemination of information and public awareness campaigns, that differences in the impact of armed conflict on women and men are widely understood, and take them into account in relevant policies and programmes.

(ff) Design and implement innovative programmes to raise the consciousness of all members of society, in particular children, about the importance of non-violent conflict resolution;

JUSCANZ: (ff) Design and implement innovative programmes to raise the consciousness of [support] all members of society, in particular children, about the importance of[to pursue] non-violent conflict resolution;

(gg) Enhance existing and develop further mechanisms to ensure access to education and health services to refugees, especially women and girls;

EU: gg) Enhance existing and develop further mechanisms, where appropriate, to ensure access to and the provision of gender sensitive education and health services, consistent with international agreements, to refugees and displaced persons, especially women and girls;

Holy See: (gg) Enhance existing and develop further mechanisms to ensure access to appropriate education and health care services to refugees and displaced persons, especially women and girls while respecting the rights and responsibilities of parents;

JUSCANZ: (gg) Enhance existing and develop further mechanisms to ensure access to education, [social] and health services, [including psycho-social as well as sexual and reproductive health services] to refugees [and all other persons in emergency humanitarian situations,] especially women and girls[; ensure that all health workers in relief and emergency situations are given basic training in sexual and reproductive health care information and services;]

(hh) Support the critical role of women’s NGOs in the implementation of Agenda 21 and the integration of a gender perspective in the design and implementation of environmental conservation and resource management mechanisms, programmes and infrastructure.

EU hh) Support the critical crucial role of women’s NGOs in the implementation of Agenda 21, the integration of a gender perspective in the design and implementation of sustainable environmental conservation and resource management mechanisms, programmes and infrastructure.

JUSCANZ: Support the critical role of women’s NGOs in the implementation of Agenda 21, the integration of a gender perspective in the design and implementation in sustainable environmental conservation and resource management mechanisms, programmes and infrastructure.

EU hh) bis Show strong will and commitment and direct investments to gender-sensitive development of sustainable and ecologically sound consumption and production patterns and approaches to natural resource management, and acknowledge women’s role therein.

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